The Periodic Table  Dimitri Mendeleev was the Russian scientist who developed the original Periodic Table  The Periodic Table is an arrangement of all elements in order of atomic number.

Groups (family)  A column in the periodic table  Elements have similar properties  Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons (Outer Ring Electrons)

Periods  A row on the periodic table  Elements in the same period have the same number of electron rings

Properties of Elements  An element’s physical and chemical properties can be predicted by its location on the periodic table.

Hydrogen  Composed of a single proton and a single electron, hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe  It is estimated that 90% of the visible universe is composed of hydrogen.  Hydrogen is the raw fuel that most stars 'burn' to produce energy.

Metals  Located on the left side of the zig-zag lineleft  Lose electrons easily during chemical reactions  Solid at room temp. (except for mercury – Hg)  Shiny (sometimes)  Good conductors of heat & electricity  Magnetic  Malleable: Can be hammered into sheets  Ductile: Can be pulled into wire

Alkali Metals  Group 1 on periodic table  Lustrous, silvery solids  Soft enough to be cut with a knife  Highly reactive (not found as free metal in nature)  Get more reactive as you move down the group (click on link for video) Get more reactive  Sodium and Potassium are essential to life for animals and plants

Alkaline earth metals  Group 2 metals  Denser, harder and have higher melting and boiling points than group 1 metals  Less reactive than group 1, but still highly reactive (not found in nature as free metals)  Calcium needed by living things

Transition Metals Lanthanide Series (transition metals) Actinide Series (transition metals)

Transition Metals  Most of the metals are transition metals  Include most of the common metals like iron, nickel, silver, zinc, gold, copper, etc.  Hard and shiny  Good conductors of electricity and heat  Stable – react slowly or not at all with air and water  Some transition metals used by living things

Metalloids

Metalloids Boron, Germanium & Silicon  Have some properties of metals and nonmetals  Touch the zig-zag line of the periodic table

Non-Metals ON S C P Se

Nonmetals  Located on the right side of the zig-zag lineright  Usually gain or share electrons during chemical reactions  Includes gases  Dull, Brittle – if solid  Not malleable or ductile  Not good conductors

Carbon, Nitrogen & Oxygen  Nitrogen – about 78% of Earth’s atmosphere  Oxygen –  nearly 21% of the earth's atmosphere  highly reactive element and is capable of combining with most other elements  required by most living organisms  required for most forms of combustion  Carbon - Many carbon compounds are essential for life as we know it  (entire branch of chemistry – organic chemistry - devoted to carbon compounds )

more non-metals

Halogen Family  Halogen means “salt-forming”  Very reactive – like to bond with group 1 elements  For example – Sodium bonds with chlorine to form…NaCl

Also non-metals

Noble Gases  Very stable and non-reactive (inert)  Do not usually form compounds with other elements  Have a full valence shell – this is why they DO NOT form compounds