Global Change Research from the Ground Up. 100011001200140013001600150018001700190020002100 1 0 4 3 2 5 Mean global temperature anomalies: last 1000 yrs.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation of Rhizoma Perennial Peanut and Bahiagrass Grown under Elevated CO 2 and Temperature Leon H. Allen, ARS-FL.

Advertisements

– Winter Ecology. Introduction  Global Climate Change  How microbs may be affected by snowpack depth  Temperature/precipitation trends.

Ecological Perspectives on Critical Loads - Linkages between Biogeochemical Cycles and Ecosystem Change Differences and Similarities in N and S Cycling.

唐剑武 Recent advances in ecosystem nitrogen cycling: mechanism, measurement, and modeling of N 2 O emissions.

Interactions of Land Use and Global Environmental Change on Watershed-scale Processes Lars Pierce, Fred Watson, Melinda Mulitsch, Wendi Newman, Adrian.

Climate change information: UK Hadley Centre

IV. Productivity, Diversity, and Stability. A. Productivity.

Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research Station Tall Grass Prairie Ecosystem.

Soil-mediated effects of a CO 2 gradient on grassland productivity: Interactions with resources and species change. Philip A. Fay USDA-ARS Grassland, Soil,

1 Climate change and the cryosphere. 2 Outline Background, climatology & variability Role of snow in the global climate system Contemporary observations.

Critical loads of anthropogenic nitrogen deposition that promote vegetation-type conversion to exotic grassland in coastal sage scrub and desert Edith.

Chapter 5 By: Genevie Lopez.

Climate Change in Arid Lands: Effects on Soil Biota and Ecosystem Processes Deborah A. Neher University of Vermont Jayne Belnap USGS - Southwest Biological.

Invasive and weedy plants and global change Potential impacts of invasive and weedy plants Causes of invasion success Interactions with other global change.

Human Disruption of the Global Nitrogen Cycle Alan Townsend 7 December 2007 Guest Lecture – Soils Geography University of Colorado, Boulder.

3)What makes a species invasive? b) Environmental Change Hypothesis Global Changes Increasing atmospheric CO 2 Keeling & Whorf (2004) CDIAC.

Outline Background, climatology & variability Role of snow in the global climate system Indicators of climate change Future projections & implications.

Chapter 7 Climate and Terrestrial Biodiversity

Amanda Brennan 1, Elise Pendall 1, Dave Risk 2, Yolima Carrillo 3 1 University of Wyoming, Department of Botany and Program in Ecology, Laramie, WY 82071,

Does Biological Diversity Control Ecosystem Function?

Climate Terrestrial Biodiversity Biomes

 Is the main source of the climatic factors affecting ecosystem functioning and nutrients such as nitrogen, carbon and oxygen  Temperature and rainfall.

The Grassland Biome A Sarah Feinman Presentation.

Making sure we can handle the extremes! Carolyn Olson, Ph.D. 90 th Annual Outlook Forum February 20-21, 2014.

Effects of Forest Management on Carbon Flux and Storage Jiquan Chen, Randy Jensen, Qinglin Li, Rachel Henderson & Jianye Xu University of Toledo & Missouri.

Global Environmental Issues

The Legacy of Winter Climate Change on Summer Soil Biogeochemical Fluxes Joey Blankinship, Emma McCorkle, Matt Meadows, Ryan Lucas, and Steve Hart University.

Global Change and the Human Impact. Environmental services and goods Q: What are some services you get from the environment? Renewable They can be used.

Forest Fire Oil Spill Floods Biogeochemical Cycle Class 13. Remote Sensing Applications.

Long-term Climate Change Mitigation Potential with Organic Matter Management on Grasslands Presentation By Taylor Smith Authored By Rebecca Ryals, Melannie.

Savanna + Temperate Grassland

Changes and Feedbacks of Land-use and Land-cover under Global Change Mingjie Shi Physical Climatology Course, 387H The University of Texas at Austin, Austin,

How Does Climate Change Affect Biomass Accumulation in Boreal Ecosystems? Earth Science B Period 2012.

Ecosystem ecology studies the flow of energy and materials through organisms and the physical environment as an integrated system. a population reproduction.

Estimated Land Area Increase of Agricultural Ecosystems to Sequester Excess Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide D.G. Wright, R.W. Mullen, W.E. Thomason, and W.R.

OUR Ecological Footprint The hierarchical nature and processes of different levels of ecological systems:

PROSPERIDAD J. ABONETE JULY 3, 2003 Understanding Climate Change.

Climate change II: impacts Bio 415/615. Questions 1. What are 2 ways plants and animals have been influenced by climate change over the last 50 years?

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and the future of C 4 crops for food and fuel by Andrew D.B. Leakey Proceedings B Volume 276(1666):

TUNDRA Land of the midnight sun.. LOCATION  Tundra is located near the north pole at the top of the earth.  Covers 1/5 th of the earth.

BROUGHT TO YOU BY: BUILDING ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERS IN ANIMAL AGRICULTURE WELCOME TO MANURE MANAGEMENT JEOPARDY! Sections 2 and 3 Nutrient Management Regulations.

Soil Quality Measurement Unit: Soil Science Lesson 7.

How Plants Grow & Respond to Disturbance. Succession & Disturbance  Community change is driven by successional forces: Immigration and establishment.

Welcome Grant from National Science Foundation: Fire, Atmospheric pCO 2, and Climate as Alternative Primary Controls of C 4 -Grass Abundance: The Late-Quaternary.

Ecological Succession.  Ecological succession is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.

TUNDRA CHRIS BAUTISTA. TUNDRA MEANS MARSHY PLAIN. THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE TUNDRA BIOME IS LARGELY POLEWARD OF 60° NORTH LATITUDE. THE TUNDRA.

Moisture Controls on Trace Gas Fluxes From Semiarid Soils Dean A. Martens and Jean E. T. McLain SWRC – Tucson and Water Conservation Laboratory – Phoenix.

BIOZONE: None Textbook: None

Global Change and Southern California Ecosystems Rebecca Aicher UCI GK-12 March 7, 2009.

Ecosystems (Part 1) Notes

Net Primary Productivity and World Net Primary Production for Major Ecosystems __________________________________________________________________.

Chapter 13 Section 3 Global Warming Environmental Science Spring 2011.

Ecological Site Descriptions Foundation for Resource Management Decisions George Peacock Grazing Lands Technology Institute USDA-NRCS.

Comparison of Soils and Plants at Prairie Ridge: % C and % N Lori Skidmore.

ECOSYSTEMS All of the organisms living in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact. “global ecosystem” Energy flows Nutrients cycle.

Chapter 5 ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES. A. Challenges To The Air 1. Air Pollution Air pollutants include heavy metals (lead), particulates (asbestos) & emissions.

Informed NPS Air Quality Management Decisions in Response to a Changing Climate.

Biodiversity total number of species within an ecosystem and the resulting complexities of interactions among them Biomes all of the life-supporting regions.

Jeopardy Final Jeopardy Vocab Data Ch. 3 Potpourri $100 $100 $100 $100

FOREST BIOMES (ECOSYSTEMS)

Review Ch. 1 Sec Structure function in biology. Ch. 13 Sec. 2

MOUNTAINS AT RISK.

Climate Change and the Midwest: Issues and Impacts

SOIL SCIENCE FACULTY Seasonal dynamics of soil CO2 efflux and soil profile CO2 concentrations in arboretum of Moscow botanical garden Goncharova Olga.

Moisture Controls on Trace Gas Fluxes From Semiarid Soils

Climate and Terrestrial Biodiversity

The Carbon Cycle The carbon cycle is the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back. Carbon Essential part of proteins,

Climate Change and Agriculture

Climate and Terrestrial Biodiversity

Presentation transcript:

Global Change Research from the Ground Up

Mean global temperature anomalies: last 1000 yrs indirect measures direct measures projections IPCC (2001)

Projected changes in average annual water runoff by 2050, relative to average runoff for IPCC (2001)

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Atmospheric nitrogen deposition

global environmental change elevated CO 2 warming precipitation nitrogen

Percentage change in average annual total Australian wheat yield for CO2 (levels of 700 ppm) IPCC (2001) rainfall change

global environmental change elevated CO 2 warming precipitation nitrogen

global environmental change elevated CO 2 warming precipitation nitrogen additive effects?

Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment (1998-present)

Jasper Ridge, CaliforniaToronto, Ontario

Jasper Ridge, CaliforniaToronto, Ontario

Native perennial grasses (Danthonia californica and Nassella pulchra) Non-native annual grasses (Avena barbata, A. fatua, Bromus hordeaceus and Lolium multiflorum) Non-native forbs (Geranium dissectum, Erodium botrys and Crepis vesicaria) Native annual forbs (Hemizonia congesta and Epilobium brachycarpum) Annual grassland

The annual grassland as a model system 1.Small individuals = community level treatments in a small area 2.Annual lifecycle = treatments over multiple generations 3.Established plant and soil microbial communities 20 cm Year 1Year 2Year 3 Year 4

Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment (1998-present) CO 2 - free air emitters: ~ 680 ppm

open top chamber for CO 2 delivery

Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment (1998-present) NO application: 7 g N m -2 y -1

Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment (1998-present) heat - infrared lamps:1-2 °C

Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment (1998-present) H 2 O - irrigation:ambient + 50%

NO 3 - H2OH2Oheatcontrol heat NO 3 - heat H 2 O NO 3 - H 2 O NO 3 - heat H 2 O percent change in NPP ambient CO2 NO 3 - H2OH2Oheatcontrolheat NO 3 - heat H 2 O NO 3 - H 2 O NO 3 - heat H 2 O (Shaw et al. 2002)

NO 3 - H2OH2Oheatcontrol heat NO 3 - heat H 2 O NO 3 - H 2 O NO 3 - heat H 2 O percent change in NPP ambient CO2 680 ppm CO2 NO 3 - H2OH2Oheat NO 3 - heat H 2 O NO 3 - H 2 O NO 3 - heat H 2 O (Shaw et al. 2002)

NO 3 - H2OH2Oheat NO 3 - heat H 2 O NO 3 - H 2 O NO 3 - heat H 2 O (Shaw et al. 2002)

Dukes et al. (2005)

Fire! July 2003

Net primary production N N N N

Annual grasses N N NN NO 3 - *** B * NO 3 - X CO 2 **

Herbivore effects Slug feeding preferences and abundance in plots explain over 50% of variation in productivity

Lessons learned from the JRGCE: 1.Global change will result in changes in ecosystem productivity and plant species composition 2. Unforeseen interactions of climate change with nitrogen pollution and elevated CO 2 Wildcards: influence of disturbance and herbivores

Davis (1981)

Invasive species

My current research: Winter warming and N deposition

Agricultural field near London, ON

continuous snow cover Agricultural field near London, ON

Effects of freezing on soil soil aggregate disruption microbial lysis plant litter breakdown root lysis

leaching losses of C, N and P CO 2, N 2 O Effects of freeze-thaw soil aggregate disruption microbial lysis plant litter breakdown root lysis

Long-term warming and N deposition experiment

Objective: To explore the interactive effects of climate warming and increased atmospheric N deposition on a temperate ecosystem - specific emphasis on winter warming

Grasses: Poa pratensis (Kentucky blue grass) – perennial Bromus inermis (smooth brome) – perennial Forbs: Solidago altissima (tall goldenrod) – perennial Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle) – perennial Medicago lupulina (black medick) – annual/perennial, legume Melilotus alba (white sweet-clover) – annual/perennial, legume Lotus corniculatus (bird’s foot trefoil) – perennial, legume

110 V AC soil surface 150 W ceramic infrared heater reflector weatherproof lightbulb socket metal pipe Heating bracket (heats 3 plots) Side view: height-adjustable bracket

1 m Block design 1 plot = dummy heater = IR heater (n=10)

1 m 1 plot = dummy heater = IR heater heated- all year heated- late-fall to spring

1 m 1 plot = dummy heater = IR heater heated- all year heated- late-fall to spring N N N

Soil monitoring - soil temperature - 2 and 5 cm depth - hourly - volumetric water content and 0-30 cm depth - hourly

- PTFE/quartz lysimeters - no retention/contamination - durable - 50 cm depth Soil water collection

Terry Bell Soil microbial enzyme activities and microbial community structure Jennifer Hutchison Primary production and plant species composition Paul Mensink and Eric Moise Invasive wood snails Michelle Turner Nitrogen leaching losses and net mineralization

Cirsium Lotus

NDVI - Plant Greenness

Net Ecosystem Exchange