JP and Ryland CLIMATE CHANGE ! IS WEATHER BECOMING MORE EXTREME?! A. ARE MAJOR STORMS (SUCH AS HURRICANES) BECOMING MORE FREQUENT AND/OR MORE INTENSE? B. ARE THERE MORE EPISODES OF DROUGHTS AND FLOODING AROUND THE WORLD THAN THERE WERE IN THE PAST? C. ARE TEMPERATURE EXTREMES GREATER THAN THEY HAVE BEEN HISTORICALLY?

a. Are major storms (such as hurricanes) becoming more frequent and/or more intense?  Yes they were pretty frequent  But not as frequent now  One of the big factors of them is the climate change  In some places a climate change can trigger a hurricane  They have not been as frequent around 2013

Here is a graph of them from  During 1948 they were not very frequent  As well as 2001 they occurred a bit more  But in 2007 they started to pickup

They were very frequent  As seen in the last slide they are more frequent  They were very uncommon during  And became very frequent from  But around 2013 they started to stop  This graph is from  And it is clear there have been way less

b. Are there more episodes of droughts and flooding around the world than there were in the past?  Yes they are slowly becoming more frequent in the current day  Both droughts  And flooding's  They are both slowly stating to not become as frequent

Here is a graph of flooding's  They are still common but not as common as they were before  There were a bunch of flooding's in 2011 and 2012  And dropped off around 2013  They have also not been very frequent

Flooding's in 2015  Recently in Queensland a major flood happened  An 8 year old boy and 2 adults were killed in it  The wild weather caused by a low pressure system moves south to coincide with peak hour traffic  And luckily not too many people were harmed

2 Flooding in January  January ,000people had ben affected in Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe  The flood had caused damage to not only crops but also livestock  Zimbabwe had the flood go across their country  And that affected 500 households that became in need of urgent assistance  While in Madagascar weeks of the high rainfall already made it perfect for a flood  With high river levels and soil saturation. The flood happened  And at least 14 people died from the flooding  With multiple neighborhoods being evacuated

Here is a graph of droughts from  This graph shows droughts from  They have slowly become less frequent

The U.S.A is supposed to face their worst drought in1,000 years  As seen in the picture on the left the risk of droughts in are insanely high  California is already on their 4 th year of drought  And projected droughts are to be far worse than California's  But the predicted ones are projected to last for decades not years  And with the demand for water have drastically reduced the ground water source

Conclusion  Droughts are slowly becoming more frequent than they were  As well as flooding's they have almost stopped and don’t occur as much as they used to. But have occurred recently  So in conclusion floods are slowly coming back. And droughts are projected to be back in the U.S.A around 2050  But maybe next year or in a few years they could become frequent again  And if there is a drought it is exceptional (As seen in photo)

c. Are temperature extremes greater than they have been historically? Now the temperature is greater than before. Here is four examples.  First: Population  Second: carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide  Third: ice cores, and most recently from the Mauna Loa station.

First Global population. Look at the graph, at first 1300, population was lower than one million but now,,, over than 7million.

Second from the 2013 US national climate assessment shows two thousand years of atmospheric concentrations for carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide: for 0~1800years Carbon Dioxide was not that much high. But only for 500 years Carbon Dioxide jumped up. It means global warming is getting worse and worse.

Third shows over 10,000 years of carbon dioxide concentrations with measurements taken from ice cores, and most recently from the Mauna Loa station.

Sources  A (picture)  B (picture) worst-droughts-1000-years-climate-change-predict-scientists worst-droughts-1000-years-climate-change-predict-scientists (webpage)  C onic-curves-2-on-exponential-curves-hockey-sticks-and- environmental-crises/(webpage) onic-curves-2-on-exponential-curves-hockey-sticks-and- environmental-crises/