Nuclear Data and Applications Libby McCutchan National Nuclear Data Center Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY USA Go to ”Insert (View) | Header and Footer" to add your organization, sponsor, meeting name here; then, click "Apply to All"

What happens to all the data?

Nuclear Data Program Link between basic science and applications Nuclear Science Community experiments theory Application Community Nuclear Data Community ✦ compilation ✦ evaluation ✦ dissemination ✦ archival needs data: ✦ complete ✦ organized ✦ traceable ✦ readable

What’s the difference between blue and green? Nuclear Data Program www.nndc.bnl.gov What’s the difference between blue and green?

ENDF ENSDF Two main efforts in nuclear data They are complementary and we support both ENDF ENSDF Evaluated Nuclear Data File Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File

Nuclear Reaction Data (ENDF/B) Energy dependent cross sections Energy and angular distribution of reaction products Neutron resonance parameters Neutron multiplicities Fission yields Covariances … Focus originally on neutron induced reactions. Limited (but expanding) coverage of charged-particles, photons, etc.

Most users never see ENDF data ENDF data are most often used in data tables that implement collision physics in application codes

Critical evaluation of more than 60,000 primary publications Nuclear Structure File (ENSDF) Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File NSR Masses Journal Publications Secondary References Physics Tools One recommended value For important properties of every nucleus that’s been measured Critical evaluation of more than 60,000 primary publications

The ENSDF 3,261 nuclides 18,261 datasets 3,261 Adopted 4,245 Decay 9,831 Reactions It is Unique: Only Nuclear Database continuously updated It is Complete: All nuclei and all level and radiation properties It is Versatile: Feeds back into both basic and applied sciences

Why do we need ENDSF? Used in all aspects of gamma-ray spectroscopy Facilitates comparison to theory Input for other basic science fields Wide range of applications require nuclear structure data

What comes to mind when you hear … Database Evaluator

Reading the literature What ENSDF evaluation isn’t… Taking averages Reading the literature Making tables thus… BORING

What ENSDF evaluation is… Decays - + +   … Reactions (HI,xn) (d,p), (p,t) Coulomb Ex. (p,p’) (n,) …. Best Recommended Values (Adopted Levels, Gammas)

How to use the databases …

Challenge of new, high quality data from FRIB(MSU), CARIBU(ANL),TRIUMF,RIKEN,GSI,GANIL, CERN … ~3000 nuclei yet to be discovered ~3000 nuclei known Current mass chain evaluation schedule: 7-10 years on average Need data promptly compiled, evaluated & disseminated Development of new methodologies, strategies & dissemination tools catered to specific needs Will need input & assistance from YOU!!! Slide courtesy of F. Kondev (ANL)

> 3 million retrievals / year Users of Nuclear Data Relevance to society Japan Earthquake Friday 3/11/2011 > 3 million retrievals / year

Applications

More than 800 nuclides produced in the fission of 235U Many applications involve fission More than 800 nuclides produced in the fission of 235U

Beta decay of fission fragments Neutron converted to proton Electron and antineutrino emitted Followed by gammas (maybe neutrons) Average of 3  decays to reach stability

Energy released in beta decay Q Electromagnetic (EM) =SIgEg + SIx-rayEx-ray Light Particle (LP)=SIb-Eb- + SIceEce + SIAugerEAuger Total Energy=EM+LP+Eantineutrino= Q(b-)

The beta-decay database 3817 “materials” g.s. and isomers Basic (T1/2, Q, mode) Complete, pre 2001 Complete, post 2001 Theory M. Chadwick et al., Nucl. Data Sheets 112, 2887 (2011).

Decay Heat Decay Heat(t)=S li x Ni(t) x Ei Ei: energy released in decay Following reactor shutdown, approximately what percentage of core power is given off in decay heat? 0.1 % 1% 10 % Technically 7%

Decay Heat Pandemonium leads to incorrect average  and  energies New RIB facilities + New TAGS detectors Japan Valencia Oak Ridge MSU

Incorporating TAGS data IAEA project (2006) identified 22 “high priority” nuclei New TAGS data on 7 nuclei from Valencia collaboration Algora et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 202501 (2010).

Decay Heat for Advance Fuel Cycles Lots of room for improvement !!

Neutrino Oscillations 𝜃 13 =??

Reactors are copious producers of antineutrinos Anti-neutrinos from reactors Reaction threshold : ~1.8 MeV Reactors are copious producers of antineutrinos Detection through inverse  decay on proton 𝜈 𝑒 +𝑝→ 𝑒 + +𝑛 𝜎 ~ 10 −16 𝑚𝑏 But cross section is tiny !!

Antineutrino Experiments

And then the story got more interesting Potential for new physics Deficit in antineutrinos in all short baseline experiments

And more interesting Potential for new physics arXiv: 1412.2199 Daya Bay arXiv: 1412.2199

Connection to ENSDF Benefits Summation method (or ab-initio method) Links ENSDF to another basic science community Provides integral measurements (check on ENSDF) Spurs new measurements which will improve ENSDF Summation method (or ab-initio method) Single nucleus – sum  branches*intensity Total – sum  spectrum*fission yield 𝑆 𝐸 𝑒 = 𝑖 𝐹𝑌 𝑖 𝑆 𝑖 ( 𝐸 𝑖 )

Summation for 235U

Summation for 239Pu

Main Contributors at ~5 MeV 37-Rb-92 39-Y-96 41-Nb–100 55-Cs-142 37-Rb-90 55-Cs-140 52-Te –135 38-Sr-95 239Pu 41-Nb-100 39-Y-96 37-Rb–92 55-Cs-140 55-Cs-142 38-Sr-95 52-Te-135 39-Y- 98m 241Pu 39-Y-96 41-Nb-100 55-Cs – 142 52-Te- 135 37-Rb-92 55-Cs- 140 53-I- 137 39-Y-99 238U 39-Y-96 37-Rb-92 41-Nb –100 55-Cs-142 52-Te-135 39-Y-99 55-Cs-143 53-I-138 Top 8 contribute 30%-40% to the overall spectrum New measurements underway based on these sensitivity studies

Anti-neutrinos for applied purposes SONGS N.S. Bowden, Nucl. Phys. B 217, 134 (2011) Spectrum shape and anti-neutrino multiplicity depends on target. Can be used in non-proliferation and reactor monitoring

Feedback on our products We work for YOU!! Comments/suggestions/criticisms are welcome If you notice an error, tell us mccutchan@bnl.gov