DOG Daily Oral Geography

What is Geography? Study of where things are on Earth, why they are there, and their relationships to people, things, or other places Who are geographers? Study where things are and why Use THE FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY to learn about the world

FIVE THEMES of GEOGRAPHY 1. LOCATION Our position on Earth’s surface Absolute Location: tells exactly where something is located 109 Third Street 49°N, 25°W Relative Location: tells where something is located in relation to a place you already know Five blocks north of the high school Globe: small model of our round-shaped planet Earth Map: flat representation of Earth Latitude + Longitude = grid

MAPS Grids - marked with numbers and letters Direction Scale 1” = 35 miles 1 cm = 20 km Keys/Legends - tell what the symbols mean Title

Map Projections Map projections distort landforms

Types of Maps Political: shows location of countries, states, and provinces with boundary lines of governments (can change) Physical: location of an area’s physical features - rivers, lakes, mountains, plateaus, valleys, seas (don’t change much)

used to describe the cultural and natural features 2. PLACE used to describe the cultural and natural features Physical Characteristics: landforms, vegetation, and climate combine in different ways to give a place unique physical characteristics. Physical characteristics include the following: * Oceans: largest water masses on earth * Pacific Ocean * Atlantic Ocean * Indian Ocean * Arctic Ocean *Seas *Mediterranean Sea *Caribbean Sea *North Sea *Black Sea

*Other Bodies of Water *gulfs *lakes *rivers *streams *ponds

*Continents: 7 parts of Earth's land mass North America South America Africa Asia Australia Antarctica Europe

Atmosphere: where weather develops *Atmosphere: where weather develops *Climate: main kind of weather in an area; affected by distance from the equator; precipitation makes a difference in climate

Natural Vegetation Regions Savannah Steppe Tundra Tropical Rainforests

Place: Human Characteristics Cultural: language, religion, and beliefs define a place’s human character Helps make you more aware of what makes a place special * Cultural * Natural Language Landscape Clothing Plants Buildings Animal Life Music Climate Foods

3. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION Study to learn how people use Earth’s resources and how that affects geographical systems Changes and adaption's to surroundings (irrigation, skyscrapers) There are always advantages and disadvantages to living in an area

Decisions People Make to Adapt to the Environment People depend on the environment People modify their environment People adapt to their environment

4. MOVEMENT How people, ideas, information, and products move around the world Factors of movement * PUSH FACTORS *PULL FACTORS War Exploration Religion Jobs Freedom Money

Geographers understand what effects movement has had on people and the environment Geographers learn how ideas move

5. REGIONS Areas that have certain characteristics in common Geographers divide the world into regions Used as a theme to make comparisons A region has natural and cultural features distinct from other places