Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue  Everywhere in the body  Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues  Functions  Binds tissues together  Supports body  Provides protection

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Characteristics  Variations in blood supply  Some well vascularized  Some poor blood supply or avascular  Extracellular matrix  Non-living material that surrounds living cells

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Extracellular Matrix  Two main elements  Ground substance—mostly water along with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules  Fibers  Produced by the cells  Three types  Collagen (white) fibers  Elastic (yellow) fibers  Reticular fibers

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Connective Tissues 1. Embryonic Connective Tissue 2. Adult Connective Tissue  Loose(Areolar, Adipose, Reticular)  Dense(Fibrous)  Cartilage  Bone  Blood

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Areolar Connective Tissue Figure 3.19e

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE TYPES Areolar tissue  Most widely distributed CT  Soft, pliable like “cobwebs”  Functions as packing tissue  Contains all fiber types  Can soak up excess fluid (causes edema)  Protective covering for vessels, muscles & nerves  Function: strength, support, elasticity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Areolar connective tissue

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Areolar connective tissue

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types Figure 3.19f

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ADIPOSE  Matrix is areolar tissue in which fat globules predominate  Many contain large lipid deposits  Peripheral nuclei  Found under skin, around kidneys & eyeballs, and within abdomen & breasts  Functions  Insulation  Protection  site of fuel/fat storage

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Adipose

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Reticular Connective Tissue Figure 3.19g

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE  Delicate network of interwoven fibers  Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs  Lymph nodes  Spleen  Bone marrow

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Reticular connective tissue

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dense connective Tissue(dense fibrous tissue)  Main matrix element is collagen fiber  Fibroblasts are cells that make fibers  Locations  Tendons—attach skeletal muscle to bone  Ligaments—attach bone to bone at joints  Dermis—lower layers of the skin

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.19d Dense Connective Tissue(dense fibrous)

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dense CT

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bone(Osseous Tissue) Figure 3.19a

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Composed of  Bone cells in lacunae (cavities)  Hard matrix of calcium salts  Large numbers of collagen fibers  FUNCTION: support, protection, storage, houses blood forming tissue, works with muscles to provide movement Bone(osseous tissue)

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bone(Osseous Tissue) Figure 3.19a

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings CARTILAGE  Can endure a lot of stress  Has no blood vessels or nerves, except for perichondrium, which covers the surface  Strength due to collagenous fibers  Cartilage cells are called chondrocytes (chondroblasts) and sit in shallow cavities called lacuna

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.19b HYALINE CARTILAGE

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings HYALINE CARTILAGE  Most common type of cartilage  Most dense  Provides movement at joints, flexibility, support & resists compression  Composed of  Abundant collagen fibers  Rubbery matrix  Locations  Covers ends of long bones in ribs, nose, larynx, and trachea  Entire fetal skeleton prior to birth

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hyaline cartilage Chondrocytes= cartilage cell Lacuna=cavity in matrix of cartilage

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE  Freely - branching elastic fibers giving tissue a yellow color.  Can stretch and snap back into place  Chondrocytes located in a thread-like network of elastic fibers  LOCATION: larynx, arteries, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs, epiglottis, pinnae(outer ear), and Eustachian tubes(inner ear)

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Elastic cartilage

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings FIBROCARTILAGE Figure 3.19c

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings FIBROCARTILAGE  Firm matrix(not as firm as hyaline)  Thick collagen fibers predominate  Found b/t intervertebral discs, pubic bones, discs of knee joints  Absorb compressive shock, strong, areas of fusion

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fibrocartilage

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings BLOOD(VASCULAR TISSUE)  CONSISTS OF: plasma & formed elements like rbc(erythrocytes), wbc’s, etc.  Found in blood vessels  Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix called blood plasma  Fibers are visible during clotting  Functions as the transport vehicle for materials  Main job is transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings BLOOD Figure 3.19h