Jospeh Conrad Heart of Darkness Jospeh Conrad Heart of Darkness.

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Presentation transcript:

Jospeh Conrad Heart of Darkness Jospeh Conrad Heart of Darkness

The British Empire

British Colonialism ► Economic penetration  East Indies Company ► Military support ► Control of local rulers  creating anglophile class

Jingoism We don’t want to fight but by Jingo that we do, We’ve got the ships, we’ve got the men, We’ve got the money, too!

Rudyard Kipling The White Man’s Burden Take up the White Man’s burden Send forth the best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captive’s need; To wait in heavy harness On fluttered folk and wild – Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half devil and half child.

French Colonialism ► Military occupation ► Algeria is part of France  1962: Liberation  1.5 million dead

Belgian Colonialism ► King Leopold owner of Congo (47 times the size of Belgium) ► Brutish treatment of natives ► 10 million dead (half of the population)

► Noble mission to develop civilization ► Fight sanguinary customs ► Teach people to work  Labour tax

Josep Conrad ► Polish origin ► Sea captain ► 1890: mission to Congo ► 1895: Almayer’s Folly

Conrad’s exoticism ► Not simply adventures ► Extreme situations and isolation ► Revelation of real nature of characters

Heart of Darkness (1902) Anonymous narrator On the Nellie Marlow’s tale Other stories

The Thames “And this also,” said Marlow suddenly, “has been one of the dark places of the earth”

The narrator ► Non-omniscent = Partial knowledge (see Henry James) ► Blanks in the narrative ► The reader must work out the meanings

“Unspeakable” ► Conrad uses many words to point at what he cannot communicate: UnimaginableInscrutableNameless ► Impossibility to describe this reality ► See Marlow and Kurtz’s Intended

Marlow ► Traditional hero: tough, honest ► Modern man: broken, weary, skeptical ► Intermediary position between Kurtz (primeval instincts) and the Company (society, rules) ► Knows the darkness but is not overwhelmed ► Destined to repeat his story

Marlow = Ancient Mariner ► Similar narrative pattern ► Extraordinary experience ► Risks to die ► Acquires a knowledge ► Must tell his story

A Journey into the self ► Who is a savage: the Company or Kurtz? ► Marlow meets his primitive self (instinct) ► Kurtz finds the horror and cannot survive

The double ► Many parallelsand oppositions Thames – Congo Fog – darkness Marlow - cannibals Kurtz – Company White – black Light – darkness Europe – Africa Kurtz and Marlow: parallel or opposition?

Kurtz ► Gifted but evil (see Faustus) ► Grandiose vs flabby devils of the Company Company ► Empty, hollow (see Eliot: The Hollow Men “Mistah Kurtz – he dead!”) “Mistah Kurtz – he dead!”) ► Honest?

Imperialism ► Against hypocrisy of imperialism ► Kurtz breaks loose from the conventions No one will accept to understand him No one will accept to understand him ► Colonies are just a background

Chinua Achebe on Heart of Darkness ► “offensive and deplorable book” ► Does not provide good information ► Africa is just a foil to Europe

Imperialism and Madness ► Africa produces mental and physical disintegration ► Actions with no sense ► In isolation one is the only arbiter of one’s actions ► Absolute power and fundamental fallibility

Darkness ► Brutality? ► Instinct? nature vs. “nurture” nature vs. “nurture” ► Africa, London and Bruxelles are all gloomy

References ► ►