1. Conrad: Heart of Darkness (Volume F)

2. Joseph Conrad (1857–1924) Polish Ukraine sailor Heart of Darkness Lord Jim separation/exile skepticism

3. Congo River, 1890

4. Congo Peoples

5. “to make you see” delayed decoding literary impressionism (un)reliable narrator? unresolved conclusion symbolism Heart of Darkness

6. “Darkness” symbolism unenlightened state indigenous population

7. Berlin Conference Scramble for Africa nationalism raw materials: ivory, copper, rubber, tea 1884–85 “land grab” slavery “civilizing mission” David Livingstone “white man’s burden”

8. “I don’t want to bother you much with what happened to me personally,” he began, showing in this remark the weakness of many tellers of tales who seem so often unaware of what their audience would like best to hear; “yet to understand the effect of it on me you ought to know how I got out there, what I saw, how I went up that river to the place where I first met the poor chap” (p. 21). Frame Narrative

9. Marlow as hero, as Conrad’s alter ego? Kurtz as demigod river as underworld consciousness, sub-consciousness universalism archetypal journey “uncivilized” Mythology

10. Patriarchal Approaches

11. Chinua Achebe 1975 lecture, “An Image of Africa” metaphor criticized Africa marginalized in Conrad’s work language and gesture word choice: inscrutable, incomprehensible who is racist— characters, or Conrad?

12. In his book King Leopold’s Ghost, Adam Hochschild argues that Conrad’s story about a journey into the heart of darkness is not simply a literary metaphor for discovering the brutish consciousness of the individual. Instead, Hochschild says, it is a direct political commentary on imperialism based on Conrad’s own experiences in the Congo. Do you believe that the novel functions better as a metaphor or as criticism? Discussion Questions

13. Heart of Darkness is presented as a frame narrative. In other words, an unknown narrator who knows Marlow tells the story of Marlow telling his own story. Explain how this frame narrative affects how the audience understands the events of the story. Why might Conrad want that effect?

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