MUSCULAR SYSTEM: MUSCLE TISSUE AND MUSCLES MUSCULAR SYSTEM: MUSCLE TISSUE AND MUSCLES. FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY BY MARTINI, 9TH EDITION, Chapters # 4, 10 & 11 Lab Manual Exercise # 13
NOTE: THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW. THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS / QUIZZES. STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING THEIR TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS 4/22/2017
Competency 5: The Muscular System Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to understand the gross and microscopic anatomy of muscles and their physiology by: Recognize the three types of muscle tissue. Describing the location and functions of the microscopic structures of skeletal muscle. 4/22/2017
TYPE OF MUSCLE TISSSUES NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION (MODEL #1) MIOFIBRIL (MODEL #2) 4/22/2017
TYPE OF MUSCLE TISSUES SKELETAL CARDIAC SMOOTH 4/22/2017
SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE CELLS- LONG CYLINDRICAL STRIATED MULTINUCLEATED LOCATION- SKELETAL MUSCLE COMBINED WITH CONNECTIVE TISSUE & NERVOUS TISSUE FUNCTIONS: 1- MOVE BODY PARTS & STABILIZE THE POSTURE OF THE SKELETON 2- GUARDS ENTRANCE & EXITS TO THE DIGESTIVE, RESPIRATORY, & URINARY TRACTS 3- TO GENERATE HEAT 4- TO PROTECT INTERNAL ORGANS 4/22/2017
CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE CELLS- ARE SHORT BRANCHED & STRIATED SINGLE NUCLEUS (USUALLY) INTERCONNECTED BY INTERCALATED DISCS LOCATION- HEART FUNCTIONS: 1- CIRCULATES THE BLOOD 2- MAINTAINS BLOOD (HYDROSTATIC) PRESSURE 4/22/2017
SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE CELLS- SHORT SPINDLE SHAPED NON STRIATED A SINGLE CENTRAL NUCLEUS LOCATION- ENCIRCLES BLOOD VESSELS IN THE WALLS OF THE DIGESTIVE, RESPIRATORY URINARY & REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS FUNCTIONS: 1- MOVES FOOD IN DIGESTIVE TRACT AND FLUIDS IN THE DIGESTIVE, URINARY, AND REPRODUCTIVE TRACTS 2-CONTROLS DIAMETERS OF RESPIRATORY PASSAGEWAYS & BLOOD VESSELS 4/22/2017
4/22/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.
ORGANIZATION OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE EPIMISYUM PERIMYSIUM ENDOMYSIUM THEY CONVERGE TO FORM: TENDONS APONEUROSES 4/22/2017
FASCICLE- A BUNDLE OF MUSCLE FIBERS EPIMYSIUM- A DENSE LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT SURROUNDS THE ENTIRE MUSCLE. IT SEPARATES THE MUSCLE FROM OTHER TISSUES PERIMYSIUM- IT DIVIDES THE SKELETAL MUSCLE INTO COMPARTMENT IT SURROUNDS THE FASCICLES FASCICLE- A BUNDLE OF MUSCLE FIBERS 4/22/2017
4/22/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.
4/22/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.
MODEL #1(MOTOR UNIT) AXON TERMINAL- END PART OF THE AXON OF THE NEURON F- TO RELEASE THE NEUROTRANSMITTER MUSCLE CELLS OR FIBERS- THE WHOLE STRUCTURE WITHOUT THE NEURON F- CONTRACTS TO SHORTEN THE WHOLE MUSCLE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION- AREA IN WHICH THE NEURON & THE MUSCULAR CELL ARE JOINED (A BUMP IN THE MODEL) AXON OF THE MOTOR NEURON- (LIKE A SAUSAGE IN THE MODEL) IT IS A CYTOPLASMATIC EXTENSION OF THE NEURON THAT CARRIES THE NERVE IMPULSE MOTOR UNIT- NEURON + MUSCLE CELL OR FIBER ENDOMYSIUM- IT SURROUNDS THE SARCOLEMMA OR CELL MEMBRANE (THE ROUGH AREA OUTSIDE) MYOFIBRILS- THEY ARE FOUND INSIDE THE MUSCLE FIBERS. THEY CAN NUMBER IN 100’S TO 1000’S AND THEY CONTAIN BUNDLES OF MYOFILAMENTS NUCLEUS OF MUSCLE CELL- IT IS THE CONTROL CENTER OF THE CELL
4/22/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.
MODEL #2 (MYOFIBRIL) MITOCHONDRIA-TO PRODUCE ATP (ENERGY) SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM- IT SURROUNDS THE MYOFIBRIL F- TO STORE CALCIUM FOR MUSCULAR CONTRACTION T TUBULE: CARRIES THE NERVE IMPULSE INSIDE MUSCLE CELL TERMINAL CISTERNA: ENLARGED AREAS OF SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM THAT RELEASES CALCIUM TRIAD: TERMINAL CISTERNA + T TUBULE 4/22/2017
4/22/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.
MYOFILAMENTS- PROTEIN FILAMENTS COMPOSED OF ACTIN & MYOSIN ACTIN- FORMS THE BULK OF THE THIN FILAMENTS MYOSIN- FORMS THE THICK FILAMENTS A BAND- IS DARK AREA COMPOSED MOSTLY OF THICK FILAMENT AND INCLUDING PORTIONS OF THIN FILAMENTS THAT INTERCALATE WITH THEM I BAND- IS LIGHT AREA THAT CONTAINS ONLY THIN IT FILAMENTS EXTENDS FROM A BAND OF ONE SARCOMERE TO THE A BAND OF THE NEXT SARCOMERE H ZONE- A LIGHTER REGION ON THE MID PART OF THE A BAND THAT CONTAINS ONLY THICK FILAMENTS 4/22/2017
SARCOMERE- AREA BETWEEN 2 Z LINES SMALL FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE MUSCLE FIBER THEY NUMBER MORE OR LESS IN THE 10,000S LINE Z- IT MARKS THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN ADJACENT SARCOMERES - IT IS THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT OF THE THIN FILAMENTS 4/22/2017
4/22/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.
MARTINI (PG 292) 4/22/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.
CHARTS & MODELS TENDONS- LOCATED AT THE END OF THE MUSCLE THEY JOIN MUSCLES TO BONES LIGAMENTS- THEY JOIN BONE TO BONE APONEUROSES- FLAT SHEETS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT USUALLY JOIN MUSCLE TO MUSCLE GALEA (EPICRANIAL APONEUROSIS) IT CONNECTS FRONTALIS WITH OCCIPITALIS LUMBAR- IT JOINS MUSCLES OF THE BACK ABDOMINAL- IT JOINS MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN 4/22/2017
4/22/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.
4/22/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.
4/22/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.
REMEMBER. GO TO THE TUTORING ROOM AND PRACTICE WITH MODELS REMEMBER! GO TO THE TUTORING ROOM AND PRACTICE WITH MODELS. SEE INTERACTIVE PHYSIOLOGY CD ROOM 3326. 4/22/2017