Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae Phylum Bryophyta Liverworts Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae Phylum Bryophyta

The Organism as a Unit of Life Looking Back at Bio 115 The Organism as a Unit of Life Cellular Structure (cell = unit of life)…one or many! Metabolism = Homeostasis (PSN, Resp, N2fix, ferment, etc.) Growth = irreversible change in size Reproduction…failure = extinction Acclimatization-short term responses = behavior Adaptation-long term responses = evolution

Multicellular Animals Shifting Kingdoms Lumpers Splitters Plantae 2 3 5 6 8 Bacteria Archaebacteria Archezoans Euglenoids Chrysophytes Green Algae Brown Algae Red algae Slime Molds True Fungi Bryophytes Tracheophytes Protozoans Myxozoans Multicellular Animals

How Many Kingdoms? Extant 8 5 3 Extinct 2 Long Time with 1 Multicellular Animals Myxozoans Protozoans Tracheophytes Bryophytes True Fungi Slime Molds Red algae Brown Algae Green Algae Chrysophytes Euglenoids Archezoans Archaebacteria Bacteria 8 5 3 Extinct 2 1 Long Time with Prokaryotes only Original Cell

Bryophytes Although they have no true xylem or phloem and do reproduce sexually with spores…. Never any doubt about their status as plants Cellulose walls glued together with pectin Chlorophyll a and b, xanthophylls, carotenoids Store starch Standard plant chloroplasts, mitochondria, golgi, etc. Diplohaplontic (sporic) life history Oogamous gametes Do have conductive tissue: hydroids and leptoids 500 species Two Major Classes: Hepaticopsida (liverworts) Musci (mosses)

Marchantia polymorpha Haploid (1N) gametophyte thallus has photosynthetic chambers with chimney cells for gas exchange. The thallus grows in notches at thallus ends. In some seasons produce gemmae cups (cupules) that contain tiny gemmae for asexual reproduction of gametophyte. Beneath thallus, uniseriate rhizoids anchor to substrate. Marchantia polymorpha Thallose liverwort http://www.boga.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/html/Marchantia.polymorpha.ja1.jpg

http://www.ksu.edu/organismic/images/marchantia_archigonium.jpg

http://www. hiddenforest. co http://www.hiddenforest.co.nz/bryophytes/liverworts/thallose/marchantiaceae/images/march01ma.jpg

Generalized Sporic (diplohaplontic) Life Cycle In the gametic (diplontic) shortcut the product of meiosis becomes a gamete (no multicellular haploid) In the zygotic (haplontic) shortcut, the zygote undergoes meiosis (no multicellular diploid) SYNGAMY gametes zygote mitosis germination gametangia mitosis differentiation differentiation Gametophyte 1N 2N Sporophyte differentiation differentiation mitosis sporangium germination mitosis spores sporocyte MEIOSIS

Generalized Sporic (diplohaplontic) Life Cycle SYNGAMY gametes zygote mitosis germination gametangia mitosis differentiation differentiation Gametophyte 1N 2N Sporophyte differentiation differentiation mitosis sporangium germination mitosis spores sporocyte MEIOSIS