Other Medicines

Andrenergic Antagonists (Blockers) Bind to receptor site but do not cause an action Bind to receptor site but do not cause an action Alpha & Beta receptor blockers Alpha & Beta receptor blockers Alpha blockers Alpha blockers decrease peripheral resistance decrease peripheral resistance decrease heart rate decrease heart rate decrease blood pressure decrease blood pressure Beta blockers Beta blockers decrease blood pressure decrease blood pressure decrease cardiac output decrease cardiac output

Blockers cont. Beta blockers treatment for: Beta blockers treatment for: angina angina cardiac arrhythmias cardiac arrhythmias Adverse effects Adverse effects brachycardia brachycardia orthostatic hypertension orthostatic hypertension fatigue fatigue drowsiness drowsiness

Antihypertensive Drugs (High Blood Pressure) High blood pressure > 140/90 High blood pressure > 140/90 Due to increase in vascular smooth muscle tone, increase resistance in blood vessels Due to increase in vascular smooth muscle tone, increase resistance in blood vessels Cause – heredity, stress, increase salt in diet, obesity, smoking Cause – heredity, stress, increase salt in diet, obesity, smoking Types of medicines Types of medicines Diuretics Diuretics Beta blockers Beta blockers ACE inhibitors ACE inhibitors Calcium Channel blockers Calcium Channel blockers

Antihyperlipidemic Drugs (Cholesterol Reducing) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors inhibit cholesterol synthesis inhibit cholesterol synthesis deplete intracellular supply of cholesterol which lowers plasma cholesterol, increase removal from body deplete intracellular supply of cholesterol which lowers plasma cholesterol, increase removal from body Examples: Examples: Zocor Zocor Lipitor Lipitor Pravachol Pravachol Generic names end in vastatin Generic names end in vastatin Combine with diet and exercise Combine with diet and exercise Adverse effects Adverse effects muscle pain, elevated liver enzymes muscle pain, elevated liver enzymes

Depression Depression – due to a chemical imbalance Depression – due to a chemical imbalance lack of serotonin & norepinephrine & dopamine (neurotransmitters) lack of serotonin & norepinephrine & dopamine (neurotransmitters) Signs & Symptoms Signs & Symptoms intense sadness, hopelessness, despair, inability to experience pleasure, change in appetite or sleep habits intense sadness, hopelessness, despair, inability to experience pleasure, change in appetite or sleep habits Treatment Treatment Medications Medications Counseling Counseling

Antidepressant Drugs Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA) Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA) blocks norepinephrine & serotonin uptake in the presynaptic nerve terminals blocks norepinephrine & serotonin uptake in the presynaptic nerve terminals effects – elevate mood, improve mental alertness, increase physical activity effects – elevate mood, improve mental alertness, increase physical activity adverse effects – blurred vision, dry mouth, sedation adverse effects – blurred vision, dry mouth, sedation Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI) Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI) MAO – enzyme inactivates norepinephrine, serotonin, & dopamine MAO – enzyme inactivates norepinephrine, serotonin, & dopamine MAOI – inactivates the enzyme MAOI – inactivates the enzyme many side effects & interactions w/ medicines & foods many side effects & interactions w/ medicines & foods adverse effects – headache, nausea, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, blurred vision, dry mouth adverse effects – headache, nausea, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, blurred vision, dry mouth

Antidepressant Drugs cont. Selective Serotonin Receptor Inhibitors (SSRI) Selective Serotonin Receptor Inhibitors (SSRI) specifically inhibit uptake of serotonin specifically inhibit uptake of serotonin side effects – nausea, anxiety, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, weight loss, tremors side effects – nausea, anxiety, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, weight loss, tremors examples: examples: Prozac Prozac Zoloft Zoloft Paxil Paxil Celexa Celexa Luvox – pediatric use Luvox – pediatric use All drugs may take several weeks for effects to be seen All drugs may take several weeks for effects to be seen

Attention Deficit Disorder Treat with stimulants to promote CNS functioning Treat with stimulants to promote CNS functioning Examples Examples Ritalin Ritalin Dexedrine Dexedrine Side / Adverse effects Side / Adverse effects mania, insomnia, hallucinations, dizziness, nervousness, irritability mania, insomnia, hallucinations, dizziness, nervousness, irritability