1. AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
Anxiety----uneasiness from apprehension and worry about
possible events.
Try psychotherapy first.
benzodiazepenes:
xanax/alprazolam
valium/diazepam
avitan/lorazepam
equanil/meprobamate
Adverse reactions:
drug dependance, sedation, depression, possible birth defect,
muscle relaxation

2. Anti-anxiety agents: Benzodiazepines=(lam/pam drugs)
Mechanism of Action
Benzodiazepines bind to benzodiazepine receptors in the CNS and act as agonists(activate).
They enhance the action of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Reduce anxiety and panic.
Cause sedation.
Skeletal muscle relaxation
Uses
The short-term treatment of anxiety, panic attacks, insomnia, and
alcohol withdrawal.
Some benzodiazepines are used to treat seizure disorders.

3. Anti-anxiety agents: Barbiturates=(barbital/tal drugs)
These drugs are the original sedative-hypnotics.
They have been associated with a high rate of abuse and complete respiratory and cardiovascular depression.
They are lethal in an overdose.
Benzodiazepines have pretty much replaced barbiturates in treating anxiety, insomnia and panic because of their more acceptable safety profile.
Barbiturates are used to treat seizure disorders and to induce general anesthesia.
moa---like benzodiazepine but also help block glutamate, the principal excitatory CNS neurotransmitter.
Butalbital=Fiorinal, Fioricet
Phenobarbital=Lumina
Thiopental=Pentothal

4. Depression
feelings of pessimism, worry, sadness, reduced eating and sleeping, concentration.
Types of antidepressants-----
SSRI
Tricyclic
MAOI

5. Anti-depressant---SSRI
SSRI--selective seratonin reuptake inhibitor
moa---blocks reuptake of seratonin(brain neurotransmitter. reduced seratonin may affect mood.
indications---major depression,obsessive-compulsion
adverse effect---takes 2-3weeks to work, insomia, nervousness, diarrhea, weight loss, reduced libido

6. SSRI antidepressants
celexa
cymbalta
prozac
paxil
zoloft
effexor

7. Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
moa--block reuptake of seratonin
or norepinephrine(hormone and
neurotransmitter most
responsible for alertness )
indications--depression, bedwetting children
adverse reactions---cardiotoxic in high dose,
drowsiness, several weeks to work

8. Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
Examples
amytriptyline
doxepin
imipramine
desipramine

9. MAOI antidepressant monoamine oxidase inhibitor
catecholamines are monoamine---mostly epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and dopamine
MAOIs act by inhibiting the activity of monoamine oxidase, thus preventing the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters and thereby increasing their availability.
indications--atypical depression(real depression)
adverse effect---hypertension, avoid certain wines,yeast,cheese. avoid ephedrine,levopoda

10. MAOI examples phenelzine---Nardil tranylcypromine---Parnate
selegiline-----Eldepryl

11. Bipolar disorder swings between mania and depression
lithium moa unknown….has sodium properties to generate action potentials, also enhance seratonin.watch salt diet.
use carbamezepine more severe cases but interferes with many many drugs
adverse reactions--bloating, abnomral fetus, increased weight, acne

12. Psychosis not living in reality,hallucinations, bizarre behavior
dose varies drug to drug
moa--affects neurotransmitters
adverse reactions---sedation, bone marrow suppression, pseudoparkinson’s
allow 6-12 weeks for improvement

13. Anti-psychotics
haldol
abilify
compazine
risperdal
geodon
prolixin