Gastrointestinal Drugs

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Presentation transcript:

Gastrointestinal Drugs

Antacids Neutralize stomach acids - cause of heartburn Active ingredients - aluminum, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate Bases combine w/ acid to pH Examples Tums Maalox, Mylanta Pepto-Bismal

Antacids Adverse effects - constipation, diarrhea Acid Rebound Phenomenon

Histamine (H2) Blockers (Acid Reducers) Presence of histamine cause the release of gastric acids in stomach Action - prevent (limit) release of histamine by blocking receptor sites Indications acute & chronic ulcers stomach pain GERD

H2 Blockers Examples Tagamet (Cimetidine) Pepcid AC (Famotidine) Zantac 75 (Rantidine) Prilosec – blocks action of H+/K+ ATPase proton pump which secretes acid into the stomach Nexium – new med to treat erosion of esophagus *** Antacids & H2 Blockers should not be a panacea for poor eating habits

Antidiarrheal Actions Examples slow peristalsis adsorbent (absorb H2O & electrolytes) Examples Immodium AD (Loperamide) Donnagel, Kaopectate Pepto-Bismal - antibacterial effects

Antiemetics Action - decrease nausea & vomiting Examples various receptors in CNS to suppress nausea coat the stomach & decrease irritation Examples Phenergan (Promethazine HCl) Benedryl (Diphenhydramine) Dramamine (Dimehydinate) Emetrol - Dextrose, Fructose, Phosphoric Acid Marinol ????

Laxatives Examples Drs. recommend non-medicinal remedies Citracel Metamucil Correctol Milk of Magnesia Drs. recommend non-medicinal remedies Illegal in sports!