1. Digestants & Drugs Affecting Gallbladder
Promote the process of digestion in GI tract
pancrealipase (Pancrease) - contains digestive enzymes
Side effect: nausea, abd. cramps, & loose stools
Take before or with meals
ursodiol (Actigall) dissolves radiolucent noncalcified gallstones
Side effect: N & V

2. Antacids
Drugs that buffer, neutralize or absorb hydrochloric acid in the stomach
Should be taken 1 hour after meals bedtime
Watch for drug interactions
Magnesium (MOM) - diarrhea
Aluminum carbonate (Amphojel) - constipation
Maalox (aluminum hydroxide with & magnesium)

3. Peptic Ulcer Treatment
Multi-drug treatment
Usually 2 antibiotics & a proton pump inhibitor or histamine blocking agent & then add bismuth subsalicylate - Pepto-Bismol

4. Cytoprotective Agents
Sucralfate (Carafate) – tx duodenal ulcer
forms a protective, acid-resistant shield in the ulcer crater
give one hour before meals & at bedtime
Do Not Chew the Tablet
Administer antacids within 30 minutes before or after
Side effect: constipation

5. Proton Pump Inhibitors
Blocks the final step of acid production – decreases acid production
lansoprazole (Prevacid): side effect/diarrhea
omeprazole (Prilosec): side effect/diarrhea & headache
Swallow capsule whole & take before meals
Tx GERD, gastric ulcer, H. pylori

6. H2 Receptor Antagonists
Activation of H2 receptors increases gastric acid secretion so these drugs block this activation
cimetidine (Tagamet) – tx peptic & duodenal ulcer, GERD, hypersecretory conditions – generally well tolerated drug
ranitidine (Zantac)
famotidine (Pepcid)
nizatidine (Axid)

7. Antiflatulents Simethicone (Mylicon)
Defoaming agent- causes gas bubbles to unite
Relieves flatulence by dispensing and preventing the formation of mucus-surrounded gas pockets in the GI tract

8. Gastrointestinal Stimulant
Increases ACH – increases peristalsis – tx diabetic gastric stasis
antiemetic
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
AE – drowsiness & depression & Parkinson-like symptoms
When to give

9. Antiemtics Prevent or relieve N & V, used with chemotherapy & postop
May exert effect on vomiting center, cerebral cortex, chemoreceptors trigger zone or vestibular apparatus
Side effect: headache, constipation & malaise
ondansetron hydrochloride (Zofran)

10. Laxatives Do not give with undiagnosed abdominal pain
Better to treat with increase fluids, vegetables, fruits & bran products
Laxative abuse
Saline (MOM)
Stimulant (Dulcolax, Ex-Lax)
Bulk Forming (Metamucil)

11. Laxatives (cont.) Lubricant (Mineral Oil) Stool Softener (Colace)
Hyperosmotic (Lactulose & GoLYTELY)

12. Antidiarrheal Agents
Adsorbents: coats wall of GI tract, absorb bacteria or toxins causing the diarrhea & passing then out with stool (Kaopectate)
Pepto-Bismol - promotes absorption of fluids & has antimicrobial effect
diphenoxylate HCL with Atropine (Lomotil), “synthetic narcotic”, meperedine