Warm-Up – 8/25 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: What are the four forces of flight? Describes what happens to an aircraft when the CG moves rearward. What is the axis of flight that runs from the nose tip to the tail of the aircraft? Describe what is CG. What is the axis of flight that controls yaw?

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Warm-Up – 8/25 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: What are the four forces of flight? Describes what happens to an aircraft when the CG moves rearward. What is the axis of flight that runs from the nose tip to the tail of the aircraft? Describe what is CG. What is the axis of flight that controls yaw?

Lift and Basic Aerodynamics Four forces act upon an aircraft in relation to straight-and-level, unaccelerated flight. These forces are thrust, lift, weight, and drag.

Warm-Up – 8/25 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: What are the four forces of flight? Describes what happens to an aircraft when the CG moves rearward. What is the axis of flight that runs from the nose tip to the tail of the aircraft? Describe what is CG. What is the axis of flight that controls yaw?

Lift and Basic Aerodynamics The position of the CG of an aircraft determines the stability of the aircraft in flight. As the CG moves rearward (towards the tail) the aircraft becomes more and more dynamically unstable.

Warm-Up – 8/25 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: What are the four forces of flight? Describes what happens to an aircraft when the CG moves rearward. What is the axis of flight that runs from the nose tip to the tail of the aircraft? Describe what is CG. What is the axis of flight that controls yaw?

Lift and Basic Aerodynamics The longitudinal or roll axis extends through the aircraft from nose to tail, with the line passing through the CG.

Warm-Up – 8/25 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: What are the four forces of flight? Describes what happens to an aircraft when the CG moves rearward. What is the axis of flight that runs from the nose tip to the tail of the aircraft? Describe what is CG. What is the axis of flight that controls yaw?

Lift and Basic Aerodynamics One of the most significant components of aircraft design is CG. It is the specific point where the mass or weight of an aircraft may be said to center; that is, a point around which, if the aircraft could be suspended or balanced, the aircraft would remain relatively level.

Warm-Up – 8/25 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: What are the four forces of flight? Describes what happens to an aircraft when the CG moves rearward. What is the axis of flight that runs from the nose tip to the tail of the aircraft? Describe what is CG. What is the axis of flight that controls yaw?

Lift and Basic Aerodynamics The vertical, or yaw, axis passes through the aircraft vertically, intersecting the CG.

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THIS DAY IN AVIATION August 25 1919 — The first daily commercial scheduled international air passenger service starts between London and Paris. A single fare to Paris is 21 pounds.

THIS DAY IN AVIATION August 25 1932 — The first woman to fly non-stop across the United States is Amelia Earhart. She flies in a Lockheed “Vega.”

THIS DAY IN AVIATION August 25 1949 — House Armed Services Committee votes clean bill of health on the B-36 procurement and recesses investigation until October 8.

THIS DAY IN AVIATION August 25 1949 — National Airlines tells the Civil Aeronautics Board that “reduction in fares are essential to placing its operations on a sound economic base.”

THIS DAY IN AVIATION August 25 1958 — The USAF launched a Northrop “Snark” missile on a 6000 mile course.

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August 2015 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1   2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Welcome to Aviation 18 Chapter 1 Intro to Flying 19 20 21 Flight Line Friday Quiz 22 23 24 Chapter 2 Aircraft Structure 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

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Chapter 2 – Aircraft Structure FAA – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

Today’s Mission Requirements Describe in writing the major components of an aircraft. Describe in writing the subcomponents of an aircraft. EQ: Describe the importance of Aeronautical Knowledge for the student pilot learning to fly.

Parts of an Aircraft

Major Components Although airplanes are designed for a variety of purposes, most of them have the same major components. Most airplane structures include a fuselage, wings, an empennage, landing gear, and a powerplant.

Major Components Fuselage The fuselage is the central body of an airplane and is designed to accommodate the crew, passengers, and cargo. Older types of aircraft design utilized an open truss structure constructed of wood, steel, or aluminum tubing.

Major Components Fuselage The most popular types of fuselage structures used in today’s aircraft are the monocoque (French for “single shell”) and semimonocoque.

Major Components Wings The wings are airfoils attached to each side of the fuselage and are the main lifting surfaces that support the airplane in flight.

Major Components Wings Wings may be attached at the top, middle, or lower portion of the fuselage. These designs are referred to as high-, mid-, and low-wing, respectively.

Major Components Wings Airplanes with a single set of wings are referred to monoplanes, while those with two sets are called biplanes.

Major Components Wings Many high-wing airplanes have external braces, or wing struts, which transmit the flight and landing loads through the struts to the main fuselage structure.

Major Components Wings Since the wing struts are usually attached approximately halfway out on the wing, this type of wing structure is called semi-cantilever. A few high-wing and most low-wing airplanes have a full cantilever wing designed to carry the loads without external struts.

Major Components Wings The principal structural parts of the wing are spars, ribs, and stringers. These are reinforced by trusses, I-beams, tubing, or other devices, including the skin.

Major Components Wings The wing ribs determine the shape and thickness of the wing (airfoil).

Major Components Wings In most modern airplanes, the fuel tanks are either an integral sealed compartment part of the wing’s structure itself, or they consist of flexible containers mounted inside of the wing.

Major Components Wings Attached to the rear or trailing edges of the wings are two types of control surfaces referred to as ailerons and flaps.

Major Components Wings Ailerons extend from about the midpoint of each wing outward toward the tip, and move in opposite directions to create aerodynamic forces that cause the airplane to roll.

Major Components Wings Flaps extend outward from the fuselage to near the midpoint of each wing.

Major Components Wings The flaps are normally flush with the wing’s surface during cruising flight. When extended, the flaps move simultaneously downward to increase the lifting force of the wing for takeoffs and landings.

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