Monday 8/26 RAP Describe the accomplishments of the early civilizations in S. Asia and China. Who were the two early groups living in the Americas? Today: Review Ch. 1.3 and finish map Create civilizations based on your knowledge of early civilizations. Present to class.

Ch. 1.3 – Asia and the Americas South Asia- East of Iran, present day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Indus River Valley First South Asian civilization here around 2500 B.C.—1500 B.C. Historians have many theories of why it ended, some of which are floods, invaders, or other climate changes. Harappa in present day Pakistan Lack of written records make it difficult to learn much about them but archaeological evidence does show a sophisticated culture—well planned urban centers; clay pots, metallic vessels, jewelry, and cotton cloth. Artifacts show they traded with the people of Mesopotamia as early as 2300 B.C. Mohenjo–Daro near the Arabian Sea. Aryans Around 1500 BC Aryans came from NW of S. Asia, over the Hindu Kush mountain range and swept into the Indus River Valley. Created an agricultural society. Developed four social classes of varnas: Dharma is a duty that each social class or varna had in society. Priests or Brahmans were the most honored, then warriors, merchants, farmers and artisans. Followed by unskilled laborers and servants. By 500 BC the varnas divided into smaller groups called jati. Jati were based on occupations and they had rules for diet, marriage, and social customs. These groups did not mix socially. Outside of these groups were the untouchables or the pariahs. They did work that was considered unclean.

Epic Literature Aryans eventually developed a written form of their spoken language called Sanskrit. One epic was the Mahabharata Considered the world’s longest poem which tells the story of battles fought by two warrior families. Another epic was Ramayana This is tale describing the struggle between good and evil. China Because of the lack of outside contact, China has the oldest continuous civilization in the world. Shang Dynasty Located in NE China near the Huang He valley. The first dynasty from written record is the Shang dynasty, ruling from about 1700 BC to 1000 BC. Armies had bronze weapons and chariots conquered more distant territories and took over the Huang River valley. Rulers were both political and religious leaders. Some of their cultural achievements were characters representing objects, ideas, or sounds and written in vertical columns; exquisite bronze objects, ivory and jade statues, silk, and pottery; builders also constructed China’s first cities.

China America Zhou Dynasty 1000 BC – 200 BC A ruler in the Shang dynasty took over the dynasty and established a new dynasty, the Zhou. Kings set up agricultural systems. Many technological advances: they also built roads and expanded foreign trade; obtained horses and created a mounted cavalry; added a deadly weapon-the crossbow; system of picture writing which is the ancestor of modern Chinese; iron plows, irrigation systems and flood control systems were begun. America The first peoples in the Americas might have arrived over 40,000 years ago. Some groups might have migrated over the land bridge, that today is the Bering Strait, from Asia to the Americas. Others may have traveled by boat along the Pacific coast from northern Asia to the Americas. Many dispersed throughout the Americas and adapted to their surroundings. Hohokam group that lived in present day SW U.S. around 300 BC – 1200 BC They adapted to the desert by building irrigation to farm the land. Grew beans, squash, and maize. Olmec This civilization flourished in the lowlands of eastern Mexico around 1500 BC to 400 BC Some of their advancements were, ceremonial centers, hieroglyphic writing, and a calendar; jade carvings, figurines, and carved stone murals which leads scientists to believe religion was important; farmers also practiced a slash and burn farming. The fertile ashes from slash and burn helped to grow maize and other produce. They also traded with other parts of Mexico and Central America.

Map of Civilizations with Timeline Timeline will be below your map. On your map you must have: Shade civilizations from Ch. 1.2 and 1.3 Label civilizations Add symbols to show accomplishments On your timeline you must have: Dates of major civilizations. (look in your notes) Egyptians 3000 b.c. – 332 b.c, Sumerians 3500 bc – 2000 bc, Israelites 1900 b.c, Persians 539 b.c - 332, Indus River Valley 2500 b.c -1500 b.c.and Aryans 1500 b.c., Shang Dynasty 1700 b.c.- 1000 b.c and Zhou Dynasty 1000 b.c. – 200 b.c., Hohokam 300 b.c.-1500 a.d and Olmec 1500 b.c. – 400 b.c. Must be in 500 year increments.

Create a Civilization Groups of four Must haves: Create a poster and written paper explaining civilization. Poster Title Map of location of civilization Characteristics of a civilization. Pictures – symbols—etc. Everyone must have a say in civilization Everyone must present to class.

Characteristics of Civilization For a society to be considered civilized, it must have the following characteristics: A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. A religious system, which might include priests and temples. Must haves: Create a poster and written paper explaining civilization. Poster Title Map of location of civilization Characteristics of a civilization. Pictures – symbols—etc.

Monday 8/27/12 RAP List 4 characteristics needed to make a civilization. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. A religious system, which might include priests and temples. Must haves: Today: Finish civilizations; begin presentations