Nationalism in the Developing World Mr. Ermer World History AP Miami Beach Senior High

India  British communication infrastructure connects far- flung Indian population  British create educated class of Indian administrators  Educated in European politics and values  Indian National Congress (INC) & Muslim League  Wilson’s Fourteen Points, Lenin’s proletariat uprising  Mohandas K. Gandhi ( )  Ahisma (tolerance & nonviolence)  Satyagnraha (truth and firmness)  Government of India Act (1937)  Creates institutions of self-governance  Indian princes, Muslims make India Act unsuccessful  Muhammad Ali Jinnah  Proposed a two state solution to Indian independence

1947: Partition of British India

China  1912: Sun Yatsen declares China a republic  Unstable because of warlords, poor economy, treaties  Chinese nationalists encouraged by Wilson’s 14 Points  Instead Treaty of Paris gives Japan more power in China  May Fourth Movement  Anti-imperialist student protests  Chinese Communist Party (CCP) founded by Mao Zedong  Sun Yatsen’s Three Principles  Democratic government, Chinese unity, development  Nationalist People’s Party  CCP members join NPP  Soviet Union lends assistance in organization of party  Civil War  1925: Sun Yatsen dies, Chiang Kai-shek takes leadership  Northern Expedition targets communists  Establish Nationalist government in Nanjing  Long March: Communist Red Army forced to remote area

Japan  After WWI, Japan considered a “Big Five Power”  Supported early efforts at disarmament, peace  Washington Naval Conference, Kellogg-Briand Pact  Japanese economy suffers through 1920s  Calls for expanded freedoms, political participation  Conservatives block most movements  Only expand suffrage to all men  Military takes control of foreign policy  Events in Eurasia, Chinese Civil War begin to undermine Japanese interests in Manchuria  1931: Japanese forces take control of Manchuria  Mukden Incident  Japanese establish Manchuko in Manchuria  Japan dominates China, League of Nations protests  Japan leaves League of Nations

Japanese Expansion

Africa  WWI: Africans begin to fight back against Europeans  Transition from self-sufficient economies to trade dependent economies  Europeans invest heavily in infrastructure  Taxes drive Africans into labor market  Europeans control most means of production  Cash crops and mineral wealth  African Nationalism  Educated “New Elite” African class emerges  Jomo Kenyatta  Appropriate European notion of the “Nation”  Some look to precolonial societies for identity  Some look to race for creation of unity  Pan-Africanism

Pan-Africanism

Latin America  New ideas begin to affect political climate  University protests and Communist parties  Concern for Indians and African-Americans  Latin American economy export based  Dependent on U.S. and European markets  Dollar Diplomacy & the Roosevelt Corollary  U.S. money and military intertwined in Latin America  FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy  U.S. signs “sweetheart treaties” trains local armies  Good Neighbor Policy failures and successes  Nicaraguan Civil War  Lazaro Cardenas and PeMex  Cultural Exchange and the GNP  Carmen Miranda and the United Fruit Company