1. Ch 35- Rise of Nationalism
Asia, Africa, Latin America

2. India

3. India’s Quest for Home Rule
Pre- WWI
- British construct trans-Indian railroad
- lead to unification of Indian regions
- promoted Indian unity/nationalism
British Administration
- educated elite Indians to help rule large country
- elites became educated in western schools
- exposed to enlightenment ideas

4. Indian National Congress
est 1885
- first stressed working with British
Post WWI inspired by:
- self-determinism of 14 Points
- Lenin’s unification of proletariat (laborers)
- war scarcities blamed on British
1918- changed to demand independence from British
British met with repressive/violent measures

5. Gandhi High-caste Indian lawyer
Organized South African Indian community
against segregation (apartheid)
Developed philosophy of passive resistance
- meeting violence with peaceful protest
1915- Headed National Congress in India
- promotion of ending caste system gained popular support
Non-Cooperation Movement ( )
- encouraged boycott of British goods
- promote Indian self-sufficiency

6. India Act 1937 British compromise - allowed est of Indian legislature
- supported by Gandhi
Opposition
- 600 Indian Princes wanted increased power
Muslim opposition
- 1906: est of Muslim League
- called for separate Muslim state
- feared suppression by majority Hindu population
- economically controlled by Hindus

7. Chinese Revolution

8. Est of Republic Qing increasingly weak from foreign interference
1911 Revolution
- last emperor forced to abdicate
Republic established with president
Instability
- internal conflict by former Qing generals
- generals became warlords over regions
- foreigners allowed to intervene in politics

9. Chinese Nationalism Post WWI
- expected west to support self-determinism/ elimination of treaties
- instead Japan allowed more interference
Communism
- students rejected western capitalism
- seen as cause for Chinese interference
1921- Communist party establish
- est radical ideas: women’s equality, ending footbinding (finally!!), allowed divorce, ending arranged marriage

10. Nationalist vs Communist Parties
Guaomindang (Nationalist People’s Party- NPP)
- lead by Sun Yat-sen
- stressed change through republic
Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
- change through rise of proletariat (peasants)
Both received aide from Soviet Union
“Northern Expedition”- NPP goal to unify China
Chiang Kai-shek takes over NPP
starts extreme anti-communist movement
takes over central Chinese government

11. Long March and Mao Zedong
Communists increasingly targeted and killed by NPP
: Escape 10,000km to SE China to est party base
- 85,000 Communists/Red Army
- march gained peasant support
Mao Zedong
- emerged as party leader
- embraced Maoism (Chinese version of Soviet Communism)
- focused on agricultural peasants, not urban workers
- village power

12. Japanese Imperialism

13. During/Post WWI During: Economic gains
- during war increased production for Allies
- gained more power over Asia
Post:
Joined League of Nations as “big five” power
- agreed to limit naval power
- lessen presence in China
Kellog-Brand Pact:
agreed to renounce war as
instrument of national policy

14. Economic Depression 1918- output decreased - unemployment
- labor unrest
- inflation
1929- Great Depression
- depended on foreign markets
- increased unemployment
-govt blamed for problems
Public Unrest
- demand increased suffrage, unionization, welfare
- increased support of cultural nationalism
- increased support of militarism

15. Invasion of Manchuria 1900- became sphere of influence over Manchuria
- Japan maintained regional railroad
- military base
Manchuria Takeover 1932
- China weak because of NPP/Communist conflict
accuse China of attacking railroad
- excuse to attack Manchuria
annex Manchuria
NPP appeals to League of Nations
- Japan leaves League
- exposed weakness of League

16. African Nationalism

17. African Export Economy
Primarily supplied raw materials to Europe
80% + farm land owned by white settlers
Europeans imposed taxes to force Africans into cash-crop farming
- Senegal- peanuts
- Uganda- cotton
- Congo- rubber
Mining
- South Africa- Diamonds, gold, copper
- forced/conscripted labor unregulated by governments
- relied on migratory labor
- est culture of separated families

18. Africa and WWI Allies invaded German colonies
- British wanted to destroy German ports
- French wanted to recover lost colonies
Germany successfully keeps control until after war
African soldiers fought in Africa, Asia, and Europe
- recruited by volunteering, conscription
War lessened European presence in Africa
- inspired increased uprisings

19. African Economics post WWI
Europe required colonies to pay for infrastructure
- built by Europeans
- paid by African taxes
- increased African debt
Great Depression
- decreased demand for African goods
- especially S. African diamonds, copper, gold
- Congo- Rubber

20. African Nationalism
Disappointed war contributions did not allow greater autonomy
Intro of Western values
- African elites studied in US/Europe
- Est and lead nationalist movements
Types of Nationalism
1- Traditionalism: reassert distinctly African government,
religion, culture
2- Pan-Africanism: build a unified African state based on race
3- Geographic: independence along existing colonial borders
and government

21. Latin America

22. Social Unrest Continued political instability - failed republics
- military dictatorships
Social conflict
- land held by wealthy minority
- majority population landless peasants
Economic Dependence
- export-only country
- agricultural products
- US/Great Britain owned majority of business

23. Oppositional Parties Communism: Cuba and Peru
- primarily university students
- inspired by Russian Revolution/
Leninism; pro-peasant
- anti-western capitalism
- focus on economic independence
Aspiristas (Peru)
- non-communist
- self determinism
- indigenous rights

24. Dollar Diplomacy
1912- US president Taft asked for “substitute bullets with dollars” in Latin America
-decreased military intervention
Post WWI
- US replaces most European
investment in Latin America

25. Great Depression- Economic Changes
Pre/during wwi
- supplier for US/Britain
- primarily agriculture
Great Depression 1929
- foreign investments decreased
- decreased agricultural prices
- high unemployment
Economic Isolationism
- countries raised tariffs
- restricted foreign trade
- nationalized resources (Mexico-oil)
- encouraged domestic manufacturing
- especially iron and steel (Brazil)

26. Good Neighbor Policy- 1933
Policy of improving relationship between US and Latin America/Caribbean Nations
- desire for less interference
- improved reciprocal trade
Weak USA
- cannot support military in Latin America
- trains native forces in police and military