Unit 3 Chapter 9 The Progressive Era

Id and Define Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Progressive movement Prohibition Muckraker Scientific management Initiative Referendum Recall 17th amendment Section 2 NACW Suffrage NAWSA Section 3 The Jungle Square Deal Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act Conservation NAACP Section 4 Payne-Aldrich Tariff Bull Moose Party

The Origins of Progressivism Progressive movement aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices 4 GOALS 1. protecting social welfare 2.Promoting moral improvement 3.Creating economic reform 4.Fostering efficiency

Protecting Social Welfare Social Gospel and settlement houses YMCA (young men’s Christian association) Salvation Army Florence Kelly – became an advocate for improving the lives of women and children

Florence Kelley is third from the left

Promoting Moral Improvement Improving the lives of the poor through moral change Prohibition was one of the programs WCTU – Women’s Christian Temperance Union crusaded for prohibition Singing, praying and urging saloon keepers to stop selling alcohol Suffrage

Carrie Nation Led a campaign to eliminate the “evils” of liquor through violent means. She had an axe yo!

Frances Willard Took a Small Midwest campaign and turned it national

Creating Economic Reform Panic of 1893 Some embraced socialism Labor leader Eugene V. Debs created the American Socialist Party Progressives distanced themselves from socialism

Cont. Muckrakers – journalists who wrote for popular magazines about the corruption Ida Tarbell – exposed the Standard Oil company in McClures Magazine Yellow journalist – exaggerates a story to sell newspapers

Fostering Efficiency Louis D. Brandeis fought to limit women’s work day to 10hours Using the high cost of the long working hour “Brandeis Brief”

Frederick Winslow Taylor used time and motion studies to improve efficiency by breaking manufacturing tasks into simpler parts “Taylorism” –Applying scientific management studies to see how quickly a task can be performed

Henry Ford using the assembly line and reducing the work day to 8hours and $5 a day. Which gave workers incentive work

Cleaning Up Local Government Galveston, Texas – Hurricane revealed the failure of the government Dayton, Ohio – flood Set up City Manager plan Reform Mayors – introduced progressive reforms

Reform at the State level Reform governors Robert M. La Follette “fighting Bob” entered the Senate Targeted the railroad industry

Protecting Working Children In 1904 the National Child Labor Committee gathered evidence to show the plight of children Keating-Owen Act in 1916- prohibited the transportation of goods across state lines that were produced by children Later declared unconstitutional

Effort to Limit Working Hours Bunting vs. Oregon Persuaded the court to uphold a 10 hour work day for men

Lost youth

Reforming Elections Initiative – a bill originated by the people Referendum - a vote on the initiative, requires legislator to vote on it. Recall - enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions

Recall election results

Direct Election of Senators 17th Amendment to the Constitution Kept the senators honest by making them accountable to the people

Section 2 Women in Public Life Women in the Work Force 1 out of 5 American women had jobs They were paid half as much as men Domestic Workers

Women Lead Reform Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in NYC – 146 workers died Encouraged women's groups Fought for reform Women began to attend colleges NACW, National Association of Colored Women

Triangle shirtwaist fire

Susan B. Anthony fought for suffrage along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton – founded the National Women’s Suffrage Association (NWSA) which united with the NAWSA

Women's Suffrage 3 part strategy 1. Get the vote from state legislatures Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and Idaho 2. Women pursued court cases to test the 14th amendment 3. National Constitutional amendment to grant women the right to vote

Section 3 Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal Roosevelt was known as the progressive president NY politician who was considered too radical for state party politics They attempted to bury him in the Vice Presidency

T. Roosevelt becomes President The Death of McKinley put Roosevelt in office at the age of 42 he was the youngest president Wanted to help the common people by giving them a Square Deal Progressive reforms

Using Federal Power Trust busting – did not truly end trust just regulated them Sherman Anti-Trust Act – too loosely worded 1902 Coal Strike, Roosevelt came out on the side of the strikers

Roosevelt Health and Environment The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Described the filthy conditions of the slaughter houses for workers Inspired the Meat Inspection Act And 1906 congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act

Roosevelt appointed Gifford Pinchot as head of the U.S. Forest Service Conservation John Muir, a naturalist and writer persuaded Roosevelt to set aside 148 million acres of forest Roosevelt appointed Gifford Pinchot as head of the U.S. Forest Service Newlands act, irrigation project Roosevelt and Muir

Section 4 Progressivism Under Taft Roosevelt promised not to run for a third term instead he wanted William Howard Taft to become president

Taft as president Did not receive much credit for programs or the busting of 90 trusts The Payne-Aldrich Tariff Taft wanted to lower tariffs, he supported the Payne Bill However the Senate passed a weakened bill Conservationist Gifford Pinchot believed in managing for public enjoyment and private development

3 candidates election of 1912 Republicans –Taft Progressive/Bull Moose – T. Roosevelt Democrat – Woodrow Wilson

The Republican Party Splits 1912 The Bull moose party - 3rd party form by Roosevelt who decides to run for a third term

Woodrow Wilson Campaign with women’s votes and black rights. Carrie Chapman Catt NAWSA PRES. 1915- Lady like behavior Radical Leaders Lucy Burn and Alice Paul NWP

Alice Paul Lucy Burns