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Where was the ancient Maya civilization located?
Around the Yucatan Peninsula
What agricultural method was primarily used by the Maya?
“Slash and Burn” Agriculture
What is the meaning of the term “Maya Script”?
This was the Maya system of hieroglyphic writing. This was the most advanced system of writing in Ancient Latin America
The Maya had a strict social hierarchy. What is a social hierarchy?
A system of social classes
Describe at least 5 Characteristics of the Ancient Maya
Possible Answers: Located on Yucatan Peninsula Not a united people, loose collection of independent city states In warfare, goal was to capture rather than kill Polytheistic religious beliefs Built Intricate Pyramids Slash and Burn Agriculture Experts in Math Obsessed with astronomy Developed several calendars Hieroglyphic written language Mysteriously abandoned city-states
Where was the empire of the Ancient Aztec located?
The Valley of Mexico
Spanish Conquistador Conqueror of the Aztec Governor of New Spain What historical figure is being described?
Hernan Cortez
Capital of the Aztec Empire Located on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco Mexico City was built on it’s ruins What ancient city is being described?
Tenochtitlan
What is the meaning of the term “chinampa”?
Floating gardens built by the Aztec
Describe at least 3 reasons why the Spanish were able to conquer the Aztec, even though they were far outnumbered?
Possible Answers The Aztec initially thought Cortez was a god The Spanish had steel swords and armor The Spanish had guns The Spanish had horses The Spanish were aided by rivals of the Aztec The Spanish unknowingly brought diseases that the natives had no immunity to
Where was the empire of the Ancient Inca located?
Along the Andes Mountains on the West Coast of South America
What were the main motivations of the Spanish Conquistadors?
The 3 G’s Gold God Glory
What is Machu Picchu?
A massive stone city high in the Andes Mountains
Who conquered the Inca?
Francisco Pizarro
What is the meaning of the term “quipu”?
Although the Inca had no written language, they kept records through “quipu”, or an intricate series of knots in strings.
What language & religion did the Spanish introduce to Latin America?
Language- Spanish (DUH!) Religion- Christianity (Roman Catholic) These are still the most common language/religion in Latin America to this day
What was the “Columbian Exchange”?
The exchange of animals, plants, disease, ideas and culture between Europe and their colonies in Latin America
Who is considered the “Father of Mexican Independence”?
Father Miguel Hidalgo
What term describes the system in New Spain where Spanish men were given a Native American village to oversee and the natives were forced to pay tribute to the Spaniard?
Encomienda
Name and describe the 3 main social classes in New Spain
Peninsulares- Ruling class, those born in Spain Criollos- Born in Mexico; however, parents born in Spain Mestizos- People of a mixture of European and Native American Decent
What term BEST describes the government of modern Mexico?
Democracy (Rule by the People)
Describe the meaning of the following terms: Hacienda: Ejido:
Hacienda: a large farm or ranch in Mexico Ejido: a community farm owned by the people of a village in Mexico
Name at least 3 “reformers” of Mexico
Benito Juarez Francisco Madero Emiliano Zapata Vicente Fox Pancho Villa …..etc.
As a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the Mexican Cession & the Gadsden Purchase, the United States gained a lot of land from Mexico. Name at least 5 states that used to be a part of Mexico.
California Nevada Arizona Utah New Mexico Texas Colorado (part) Wyoming (part)
What were the main causes of the “Mexican Revolution”? (At least 3)
Huge gap between rich and poor in Mexico Rich farmers owned the majority of the land People wanted honest elections
Provide an example of a primary & secondary source on ancient Latin America
Possible Answers: Primary- Example: An Ancient Maya Hieroglyph Secondary- Ch. 6.2 in your text book
What 4 areas make up Latin America?
Mexico Central America The Caribbean South America
What are the 2 main influences on the culture of Mexico?
Spanish (Catholic…etc) Native America
In 2000, _______________ was the 1 st president in 70 years who did not belong to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
Vicente Fox
In order, what are the main stages of Spanish activity in Latin America? (All 4)
I. Exploration II. Conquest II. Colonization IV. Immigration
What do you need to do to pass tomorrow?
STUDY