Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Jenna Schmidt, Paul Singh, Anne Roach

History Psychological distress stems from faulty or damaging mental processing from an experience Deal with cognitions, interpretations, beliefs and responses, with the aim of influencing problematic emotions and behaviors. Reorganization of one’s self-statements will result in a corresponding reorganization of one’s behavior.

Albert Ellis  Rational Emotive Therapy (REBT)  Goal of Happiness  ABC Model  Eleven irrational beliefs  Rational Emotive Therapy (REBT)  Goal of Happiness  ABC Model  Eleven irrational beliefs

You FEEL the way you THINK  It is not the events taking place in our lives that upset us  It is the beliefs that we hold that cause us to become depressed, anxious, enraged, etc.  It is not the events taking place in our lives that upset us  It is the beliefs that we hold that cause us to become depressed, anxious, enraged, etc.

The Goal of Happiness  We want to be happy whether we are alone or with others  We want to be well informed and educated  We want a good job with good pay  We want to enjoy our leisure time  We want to be happy whether we are alone or with others  We want to be well informed and educated  We want a good job with good pay  We want to enjoy our leisure time

ABC MODEL A.Something happens B. You have a belief about the situation C. You have an emotional reaction to the belief A.Something happens B. You have a belief about the situation C. You have an emotional reaction to the belief

ABC Model of Emotional Disturbance Activating Event Belief Emotional Consequence ABC ABC Difficulty Understanding Math Text I’ll never get this! Feeling Miserable For Example: Ellis’s Model

D- Disputing Intervention  The therapists disputes the client’s irrational beliefs -“Why must you win everyone’s approval?” -“Where is it written that other people must treat you fairly?” -“Just because you want something, why must you have it?”  The therapists disputes the client’s irrational beliefs -“Why must you win everyone’s approval?” -“Where is it written that other people must treat you fairly?” -“Just because you want something, why must you have it?”

E- Effective New Philosophy  The client learns new ways to substitute more adaptive thoughts in place of the beliefs that often involve unrealistic and over-generalized attributions -“I don’t’ need everyone’s approval” -“Others don’t need to treat me fairly”  The client learns new ways to substitute more adaptive thoughts in place of the beliefs that often involve unrealistic and over-generalized attributions -“I don’t’ need everyone’s approval” -“Others don’t need to treat me fairly”

F- Feelings (new)  The client’s new trains of thought lead to more effective and rational behavior -“I can approval by my boss by going above and beyond what is expected of me” -“I really want that new Channel purse, after I save my money, I will buy it”  The client’s new trains of thought lead to more effective and rational behavior -“I can approval by my boss by going above and beyond what is expected of me” -“I really want that new Channel purse, after I save my money, I will buy it”

ABC MODEL  Video: f_WA  Video: f_WA  Video: f_WA  Video: f_WA  Video: f_WA  Video: f_WA

11 Irrational Beliefs 1. Essential for a person to be loved or approved 2.A person must be perfectly complete 3.Some people are bad, and should be punished. 4.It is terrible when things are not as a person wants them to be. 5.Unhappiness caused by outside circumstances; person has no control over it. 6.Dangerous, fearsome things cause for great concern; possibilities must be dwelt on.

Irrational Beliefs cont. 7.It is easier to avoid certain difficulties than to face them. 8.A person should be dependent on others. 9.Past experience and events are the determinants of present behaviors 10.A person should be upset over other people’s problems and disturbances. 11.There is always a right perfect solution to every problem, and it must be found. 7.It is easier to avoid certain difficulties than to face them. 8.A person should be dependent on others. 9.Past experience and events are the determinants of present behaviors 10.A person should be upset over other people’s problems and disturbances. 11.There is always a right perfect solution to every problem, and it must be found.

Activity

Aaron Beck Cognitive Therapy Recognizing & changing negative, maladaptive thoughts Reorganization of self-statements will result in a corresponding reorganizing of behavior. Cognitive Therapy Recognizing & changing negative, maladaptive thoughts Reorganization of self-statements will result in a corresponding reorganizing of behavior.

Difficulty Understanding Math Text Feeling Miserable I’ll never get this! I’m Incompetent ( Core Belief ) ( Activating Event ) ( Automatic Thought ) ( Emotional Consequence ) Beck’s Model of Emotional Disturbances (Livingston, 2008)

Beck’s Cognitive Triad Depressed people are plagued by a cognitive triad of beliefs: 1.The client sees self as “defective, inadequate, diseased, and deprived” 2.Client interprets experience as negative 3.Client sees the future as continuing in a grim fashion and expect failure Depressed people are plagued by a cognitive triad of beliefs: 1.The client sees self as “defective, inadequate, diseased, and deprived” 2.Client interprets experience as negative 3.Client sees the future as continuing in a grim fashion and expect failure

Beck’s Model of Emotional Disturbance Activating Event Automatic Thought Emotional Consequence (Livingston, 2008)

Automatic Thoughts: DistortionsRational Response My mind will just wander like yesterday. I can’t remember anything I read. I can’t possibly read 200 pages this week… Example of: Mood Log (Livingston, 2008)

Goals of Cognitive Therapy:  Change the way a client thinks by using automatic thoughts and schema restructuring  Cognitive Schemas contain peoples perceptions of themselves and others, their goals and expectations, memories, fantasies, and previous learning.

Therapy  Brief & Structured  Problem Solving  Goals: Change irrational beliefs into rational beliefs for the client to develop a new way of thinking and substitute it for an old way that has not worked well Client can become own therapist for future

Therapeutic Relationship Collaborative Persuasive Teacher Model Behavior

Techniques  Ellis’s ABC Model  Beck’s Cognitive Triad  Collaborative Empiricism  Socratic Dialogue

Training - Albert Ellis Institute, New York, NY - Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy & Research, Bala Cynwyd, PA

Certifications Offered by the National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists Diploma in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Certified Cognitive-Behavioral Therapist

Benefits Brief form of therapy REBT effective for helping people in crisis Affective for individuals, groups, coupled, or families Discourages dependence on the therapist Has emphasis on outside work

Risks/Limitations/Criticisms  Prescriptive Model  Cultural Concerns  Unfinished Business  Brainwashing

Most Common Theories (400 Theories) (Livingston, 2008)

References Corey, G. (2004). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy: student manual (7 th ed). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks Cole Company. Cormier, S., Nurius, P., Osborn, C. (2003). Interviewing and change strategies for helpers (6 th ed). Belmont, CA: Brooks Cole Company Corsini, R.J., & Wedding, D. (2000). Current psychotherapies (6 th ed). Itasca, IL: F.E. Peacock Publisher, Inc. Day, S.X. (2008). Theory and design in counseling and psychotherapy (2 nd ed.). Boston: Lahaska Press. Livingston, T. M. (2008). Behavioral therapies & cognitive behavioral therapies. Counseling Theories. St. Cloud: St. Cloud State University.