Adoption of Farming Systems Approach in Rain fed area

Participating States Karnataka Chhattishgarh Uttar Pradesh Kerala Meghalaya Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland

National Rainfall Pattern SeasonNormal rainfall (mm.) % in relation to annual rainfall South West Monsoon (June- Sept.) North East Monsoon (Oct. – Dec.) Winter (Jan.-Feb.) Pre Monsoon (Mar.- May) Annual Source: IMD Pune

Rain fed Agriculture- Status Rainfed areas currently constitute 55-60% of the net sown area of the Country. About 45-50% of the cultivated area will continue to remain under rainfed farming. Two third of the livestock and 40% of the human population live in rainfed regions with some variations from state to state. The Green Revolution has largely benefitted the regions which had adequate irrigation and other infrastructural facilities. The productivity of rainfed lands is low and unstable with year to year wide fluctuations depending on rainfall behaviour. The rainfed area have lagged behind in terms of both technology adoption and productivity growth due to low and uncertain yield response to new technology as well as low capital absorption.

Four categories of rain fed farming systems 1.High-latitude rain fed systems with cold winters; 2.Mid-latitude rain fed systems with mild winters; 3.Subtropical and tropical rain fed highland farm systems; 4.Semi-arid tropical and subtropical farming systems. Factors that influence the intensity and productivity of rain fed farming systems are-  Ratio of precipitation to potential evapo-transpiration,  Water availability,  Drought risk,  Temperature regimes,  Soil quality,  External input use,  Marketing margins & market access

Priority to Integrated Farming EffluentManure Feed Irrigation Fishing

Integrated Farming System Ragi : Avare 4:1 Ragi : Niger Seed 4:1 Groundnut : Red gram 8:2 Fruit Tree Crops Mango, Jackfruit, Sapota, Amla etc Kitchen Garden Farm Pond Compost Pit Farm hut Cattle Shed Trees Tress Agave, Silver Oak, Bamboo, Champak, Neem etc.trees alternatively as border tress Fodder Grass 100 Meters 40 Meters Poultry 7 Fs = Food, Fruits, Fuel, Fodder, Fiber, Flowers & Fish Region/ Location specific cropping pattern can be adopted

Region / location specific IFS models to be tested in every State by integrating the following activities:  Agriculture  Horticulture  Animal Husbandry, Piggery,  Apiculture  Forestry  Fishery  Sericulture  Insitu soil moisture conservation  Micro-irrigation ADOPTION OF STATE SPECIFIC MODEL

Crop Diversification- Income Security In order to create Multiple Sources of Farm Income – Crop diversification and mixed cropping system. ‘No field with one crop and no farmer with one income’.

Up scaling Animal Husbandry Component in the farming systems  Linking Livestock to Crop Production System-  Production of Maize --Poultry Industry  Fodder Production--Dairy  Silage & Fortification of dry fodder-- Cattle feed  Comprehensive development of all the systems viz. production, storage, processing and marketing.  Promotion of livestock activities for landless labourers.  Promotion of FPOs  Empowering of farmers / farmers organizations, to bring in change from subsistence rearing of livestock to a production oriented business system  Public private partnership models to be evolved and adopted.  Providing horizontal linkages between the components of livestock, agri, horti. Silvi-pasture Systems.

Fodder Production

Promotion of Dry land Horticulture Agri-Horti System with Mango/Sapota- Finger millet for sustainable income  For sustainable productivity introduction of horticulture component in dry land systems is necessary.  To utilize the soil moisture effectively from the soil profile.  To secure assured income.  To mitigate the risk and to achieve nutrition security.  Promoting processing for value addition.

Watershed Development  Exclusive Watershed Development Department for Natural Resources Management.  Integration of land based activities-  Soil & Water Conservation,  Crop-husbandry,  Dry land Horticulture,  Social Forestry,  Animal Husbandry,  Fisheries,  Social Mobilization,  Livelihood improvement for landless (IG activities)  Implementation of Watershed activities through of SHGs, UGs and Watershed Committees  Convergence of MNREGA & JALASIRI

INDICATORSIMPACT Reduced Soil ErosionAverage reduction in run off 18 cu. M per hectare Improved Biomass Area under Agro Horticulture / Agro Forestry increased by 14 % Fallow landDeclined by 15 % Household incomeIncreased by 20 % BPL families Reduced by 42 % Bore well yield Increased from 1126 g / hrs to 1256 g / hrs Crop productivityAverage increase in rain fed crop yield by 24 % Cropping intensity Increased by 98 to 134 % Diversified cropping pattern Area under food crops diverted to other crops by 8.2 % Oil seed area increased by 3.59 % Area under pulses increased by 1.83 % Cash crops area increased by 2.79 % Success story of SUJALA PROJECT in Karnataka Source: ISRO – ANTRIX Corporation

Contour/graded bundsPloughing and sowing across the slopeCompartmental bundingDead furrowsFall ploughingVegetative live barriersAgro-ForestryFarm pondSilt applicationAlternate land use system Watershed based interventions

Glimpse of Activities

Dry Land Development Technology Agronomical Practices Paired Row Technology Contour Cultivation with Vegetative Hedges Mixed Cropping

Afforestation – Common Land

Integrated Extension Delivery System Single window system to provide technical advises of all farm related activities through Raitha Samparka Kendra / Raitha Mithra Kendra and reduce the gap between LAB TO LAND.  All inputs supply through Raitha Samparka Kendras.  Encouraging Private Extension System.  Integration of ATMA & Convergence of different schemes.  Promoting “Swabeejabhivridhi” to reduce the dependency on outside seeds.  Use of ICT in extension services.

Formation of Joint Liability Groups (JLG) for improved credit flow & recovery. Infrastructure for – Storage Facility On farm value addition Processing, grading, branding and packing Custom Hire Service Centers Marketing- Market rate information. Unified licensing Electronic trading Spot exchanges Insurance- Safety-net for farmers through Weather based crop Insurance Credit, Value addition, Market & Crop Insurance

Co-operative/ Group farming/FPO MARKET LINKED SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT UTILIZING SFAC  3 Agencies identified by Government of India a. Vrutti Livelihood Resource Centre- Bijpaur b. Indian Society Agri-business Professionals- Gulbarga c. Access Livelihood Consulting India -Bidar and Yadgiri  Interaction meeting between the Agencies, district level, Implementing Officers.  Formation of groups and federations.  Capacity building of groups, linkages with markets; storage  Creation of marketing support and Marketing, processing and value addition activities.

Organic Farming  Organic farming aims at production of quality and safe agriculture produce.  Organic farming system helps to restore and maintain soil fertility.  Involvement of NGOs, SHGs, co-operatives for promotion of organic farming.  More Certification Agencies for certification of organic produces.

Recommendations Reducing wastages