Multinational Comparisons of Health Systems Data, 2008 Support for this research was provided by The Commonwealth Fund. The views presented here are those of the authors and not necessarily those of The Commonwealth Fund or its directors, officers, or staff. To learn more about new publications when they become available, visit the Funds Web site and register to receive alerts. Commonwealth Fund pub. no register to receive alerts Gerard F. Anderson and Patricia Markovich Johns Hopkins University

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 2 Total Health Care Spending

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 3 Health Care Spending per Capita, 2006 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 4 International Comparison of Spending on Health, 1980–2006 Average spending on health per capita ($US PPP) Total expenditures on health as percent of GDP * From Australian Department of Health and Ageing Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 5 Average Annual Growth Rate of Real Health Care Spending per Capita, 1996–2006 * Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 6 Percentage of Gross Domestic Product Spent on Health Care, 1996 and 2006 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 7 Percentage of Total Population with Health Insurance Coverage Through Public Programs, 2006 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June *2005

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 8 Public Spending on Health Care per Capita, 2006 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 9 Private Spending on Health Care per Capita, 2006 Excluding Out-of-Pocket Spending, Adjusted for Differences in the Cost of Living *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 10 Out-of-Pocket Health Care Spending per Capita, 2006 Adjusted for Differences in the Cost of Living *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 11 Health Care Expenditure per Capita by Source of Funding, 2006 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June $6,714 $4,311 $3,678 $3,449 $3,371 $2,999 $2,760 $2,448

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 12 Distribution of Health Spending by Type of Service *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June AUS*CANFRGERNZSWIZ*US Basic Medical and Diagnostic (out- Patient) Services 13.6%3.4%7.5%5.9%15.1%20.5%22.3% Hospitals 37.8%28.0%34.7%29.1%33.0%34.7%32.2% Pharmaceuticals 14.2%17.4%16.4%14.8%12.4%10.5%12.6% Nursing Homes & Other Long-Term Nursing Care 14.6%9.9%12.0%16.0%20.2%6.2% Other 34.4%36.6%31.5%38.2%23.5%14.1%26.7%

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 13 Hospitals

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 14 Percentage of Total Health Care Spending on Hospital Care, 1996 and 2006 *1998 and 2006 **1995 and 2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 15 Inpatient Hospital Spending per Capita, 2006 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 16 Hospital Spending per Discharge, 2006 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living * 2005 **2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 17 Hospital Discharges per 1,000 Population, 2006 *2005 **2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 18 Average Length of Stay for Acute Care, 2006 *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 19 Average Length of Hospital Stay for Acute Myocardial Infarction, 2006 a * 2005 **2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 20 Average Length of Stay for Normal Delivery, 2006 * 2005 **2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 21 Average Annual Hospital Inpatient Acute Care Days per Capita, 2006 *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 22 Number of Acute Care Hospital Beds per 1,000 Population, 2006 *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 23 Average Number of Hospital Staff per Acute Care Hospital Bed, 2006 *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 24 Home Health and Long-Term Care

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 25 Percentage of Total Health Care Spending on Long-Term Nursing Care, 1996–2006 *1996–2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 26 Long-Term Institutional Care Spending per Capita, 2006 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living *2005 $738 $417 $459 $257 $254 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 27 Home Health Care Spending per Capita, 2006 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June *2005

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 28 Number of Long-Term Care Beds in Nursing Homes per 1,000 Population Age 65 and Older, 1996–2006 *1996–2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 29 Physicians and Nurses

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 30 Percentage of Total Health Care Spending on Basic Medical and Diagnostic Services, 2006 *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 31 Percentage of Total Health Care Spending on Basic Medical and Diagnostic Services, 1996 and 2006 *1996–2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 32 Spending on Basic Medical and Diagnostic Services, per Capita in 2006 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 33 Number of Practicing Physicians per 1,000 Population, 2006 *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 34 Average Annual Growth Rate of Practicing Physicians per 1,000 Population, 1996–2006 *1995–2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 35 Average Annual Number of Physician Visits per Capita, 2006 *2005 **2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 36 Number of Practicing Nurses per 1,000 Population, 2006 *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 37 Number of Practicing Nurses per Acute Care Bed, 1996 and 2006 *1996–2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 38 Pharmaceuticals

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 39 Percentage of Total Health Care Spending on Pharmaceuticals, 1996 and 2006 *1996–2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 40 Pharmaceutical Spending per Capita, 2006 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 41 Percentage of Total Population with Pharmaceutical Coverage Through Public Programs, 2006 *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 42 Medical Procedures Involving Sophisticated Technology

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 43 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Units per Million Population, 2006 *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 44 Computer Tomography (CT) Scanners per Million Population, 2006 * 2005 ** 2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 45 Inpatient Cardiac Catheterization Procedures per 100,000 Population, 2006 * 2005 **2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 46 Inpatient Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) Interventions per 100,000 Population, 2006 * 2005 **2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 47 Number of Inpatient Knee Replacements per 100,000 Population, 2006 * 2005 **2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 48 Percentage of Total Surgery Procedures That Are Day Cases, 2006 * 2005 a Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 49 Number of Patients Undergoing Dialysis Treatment per 100,000 Population, 2006 * 2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 50 Public Health and Prevention

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 51 Percentage of Population over Age 65 with Influenza Immunization, 2006 * 2005 **2004 a Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 52 Percentage of Children Age 1 or 2 Who Have Been Immunized Against Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis, 2006 * 2005 **2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 53 Breast Cancer Screening, 2006 Percentage of Women Ages 50–69 Receiving a Mammogram Survey Data Program Data * 2005 **2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 54 Percentage of Adults Who Report Being Daily Smokers, 2006 * 2005 ** 2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 55 Twenty Year Change in Smoking Rates, 1986–2006 *1985–2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 56 Annual Alcohol Consumption in Liters per Capita Among People Age 15 and Older, 2006 *2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 57 Obesity (BMI>30) Prevalence Among Adult Population, 2006 * 2005 ** BMI data was only available for 21 out of the 30 OECD countries. Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 58 Mortality

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 59 Life Expectancy at Birth, 2006 * 2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 60 Life Expectancy at Age 65, 2006 * 2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 61 Increase in Life Expectancy at Birth, 1986–2006 * 1985–2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 62 Increase in Life Expectancy at Age 65, 1986–2006 *1995–2005 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 63 Acute Myocardial Infarction Deaths per 100,000 Population, 2006 * 2005 **2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 64 Bronchitis, Asthma, and Emphysema Deaths per 100,000 Population, 2006 * 2005 **2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 65 Potential Years of Life Lost Due to Malignant Neoplasms per 100,000 Population, 2006 b * 2005 **2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 66 Potential Years of Life Lost Due to Diseases of the Circulatory System per 100,000 Population, 2006 * 2005 **2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 67 Potential Years of Life Lost Due to Diabetes per 100,000 Population, 2006 * 2005 **2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 68 Potential Years of Life Lost Due to Diseases of the Respiratory System per 100,000 Population, 2006 * 2005 **2004 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June 2008.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 69 Deaths Due to Surgical or Medical Mishaps per 100,000 Population, 2006 Source: OECD Health Data 2008, June * 2005 **2004