EDUS 220 Learning Psychology A Matter of Style Learning Styles Teaching Styles Personal Styles EDUS 220 Learning Psychology Spring 2011 METU-NCC

The Best teacher you ever had! Each of us can probably think of one or a few teachers that had an influenced us greatly….take a moment and think of that person…..Now, take a piece of paper and write down as many adjectives as you can that would describe that person. Now put a circle around each adjective that is also characteristic of you!!! What teaching techniques of activities can you remember this teacher using??? METU-NCC

Learning Styles Each of us, as we develop, acquires certain preferences or styles that influence nearly all aspects of our lives. The food we enjoy…. METU-NCC

What we find attractive in others…. Learning Styles What we find attractive in others…. METU-NCC

Learning Styles How we like to sleep…. METU-NCC

Learning Styles What we like to wear….. METU-NCC

Learning Styles How we learn best…. METU-NCC

Learning Styles So a learning style is simply an approach or way each of us tends to learn and change….Each of us is unique but our characteristics of learning styles have been grouped into 3 large categories….. METU-NCC

Tactile/Kinesthetic Learners Learning Styles Visual Learners Auditory Learners Tactile/Kinesthetic Learners METU-NCC

Visual Learners Learning Styles learning through seeing... These learners need to see the teacher's body language and facial expression to fully understand the content of a lesson. They tend to prefer sitting at the front of the classroom to avoid visual obstructions (e.g. people's heads). They may think in pictures and learn best from visual displays including: diagrams, illustrated text books, overhead transparencies, videos, flipcharts and hand-outs.  During a lecture or classroom discussion, visual learners often prefer to take detailed notes to absorb the information. METU-NCC

Auditory Learners Learning Styles learning through listening... They learn best through verbal lectures, discussions, talking things through and listening to what others have to say. Auditory learners interpret the underlying meanings of speech through listening to tone of voice, pitch, speed and other nuances. Written information may have little meaning until it is heard. These learners often benefit from reading text aloud and using a tape recorder. METU-NCC

Tactile/Kinesthetic Learning Styles learn through , moving, doing and touching...    Tactile/Kinesthetic persons learn best through a hands-on approach, actively exploring the physical world around them. They may find it hard to sit still for long periods and may become distracted by their need for activity and exploration. METU-NCC

Learning Styles Inventory What is your “Style”? LSI Learning Styles Inventory METU-NCC

Multiple Intelligences He identified 8 “intelligences” Howard Gardner Developmental Psychologist Harvard Graduate School of Education Proposed the idea of “multiple intelligences” in 1983 to analyze and better describe the concept of intelligence. He identified 8 “intelligences” METU-NCC

Eight Styles of Learning 1. Linguistic Learner likes to: read, write and tell stories. is good at: memorizing names, places, dates and trivia. learns best by: saying, hearing and seeing words. METU-NCC

Eight Styles of Learning 2. Logical/Mathematical Learner likes to: do experiments, figure things out, work with numbers, ask questions and explore patterns and relationships. is good at: math, reasoning, logic and problem solving. learns best by: categorizing, classifying and working with abstract patterns/relationships. METU-NCC

Eight Styles of Learning 3. Spatial Learner likes to: draw, build, design and create things, daydream, look at pictures/slides, watch movies and play with machines. is good at: imagining things, sensing changes, mazes/puzzles and reading maps, charts. learns best by: visualizing, dreaming, using the mind's eye and working with colors/pictures. METU-NCC

Eight Styles of Learning 4. Musical Learner likes to: sing, hum tunes, listen to music, play an instrument and respond to music. is good at: picking up sounds, remembering melodies, noticing pitches/rhythms and keeping time. learns best by: rhythm, melody and music. METU-NCC

Eight Styles of Learning 5. Bodily/Kinesthetic Learner likes to: move around, touch and talk and use body language. is good at: physical activities (sports/dance/acting) and crafts. learns best by: touching, moving, interacting with space and processing knowledge through bodily sensations. METU-NCC

Eight Styles of Learning 6. Naturalistic Learner likes to: be outside, with animals, geography, and weather; interacting with the surroundings . is good at: categorizing, organizing a living area, planning a trip, preservation, and conservation. learns best by: studying natural phenomenon, in a natural setting, learning about how things work. METU-NCC

Eight Styles of Learning 7. Interpersonal Learner likes to: have lots of friends, talk to people and join groups. is good at: understanding people, leading others, organizing, communicating, manipulating and mediating conflicts. learns best by: sharing, comparing, relating, cooperating and interviewing. METU-NCC

Eight Styles of Learning 8. Intrapersonal Learner likes to: work alone and pursue own interests. is good at: understanding self, focusing inward on feelings/dreams, following instincts, pursuing interests/goals and being original. learns best by: working alone, individualized projects, self-paced instruction and having own space. METU-NCC

Eight Styles of Learning Howard Gardner MI Inventory METU-NCC

A Matter of Style Teaching Styles METU-NCC

Teaching Styles Just as students have styles or preferences in the way they learn, Grasha suggested that teachers have styles or preferences in the way they teach. Source: Grasha, A., (1996). Teaching with Style, Pittsburgh, PA: Alliance Publishers, p.154. METU-NCC

5 Teaching Styles The Expert 2. The Formal Authority 3. The Personal Model 4. The Facilitator 5. The Delegator Source: Grasha, A., (1996). Teaching with Style, Pittsburgh, PA: Alliance Publishers, p.154. METU-NCC

The Expert 5 Teaching Styles Description: Possesses knowledge and expertise that students need. Strives to maintain status as an expert among students by displaying detailed knowledge and by challenging students to enhance their competence. Concerned with transmitting information and insuring that students are well prepared. Advantage: The information, knowledge, and skills such individuals possess. Disadvantage: If overused, the display of knowledge can be intimidating to less experienced students. May not always show the underlying thought processes that produced answers. Source: Grasha, A., (1996). Teaching with Style, Pittsburgh, PA: Alliance Publishers, p.154. METU-NCC

The Formal Authority 5 Teaching Styles Description: Possesses status among students because of knowledge and role as a faculty member. Concerned with providing positive and negative feedback, establishing learning goals, expectations, and rules of conduct for students. Concerned with the correct, acceptable, and standard ways to do things and with providing students with the structure they need to learn. Advantage: The focus on clear expectations and acceptable ways of doing things. Disadvantage: A strong investment in this style can lead to rigid, standardized, and less flexible ways of managing students and their concerns. Source: Grasha, A., (1996). Teaching with Style, Pittsburgh, PA: Alliance Publishers, p.154. METU-NCC

The Personal Model 5 Teaching Styles Description: Believes in "teaching by personal example" and establishes a prototype for how to think and behave. Oversees, guides, and directs by showing how to do things, and encouraging students to observe and then to emulate the instructor's approach. Advantage: An emphasis on direct observation and following a role model. Disadvantage: Some teachers may believe their approach is the best way leading some students to feel inadequate if they cannot live up to such expectations and standards. Source: Grasha, A., (1996). Teaching with Style, Pittsburgh, PA: Alliance Publishers, p.154. METU-NCC

The Facilitator 5 Teaching Styles Description: Emphasizes the personal nature of teacher-student interactions. Guides and directs students by asking questions, exploring options, suggesting alternatives, and encouraging them to develop criteria to make informed choices. Overall goal is to develop in students the capacity for independent action, initiative, and responsibility. Works with students on projects in a consultative fashion and tries to provide as much support and encouragement as possible. Advantage: The personal flexibility, the focus on students' needs and goals, and the willingness to explore options and alternative courses of action. Disadvantage: Style is often time consuming and is sometimes employed in a positive and affirming manner. Source: Grasha, A., (1996). Teaching with Style, Pittsburgh, PA: Alliance Publishers, p.154. METU-NCC

The Delegator 5 Teaching Styles Description: Concerned with developing students' capacity to function in an autonomous fashion. Students work independently on projects or as part of autonomous teams. The teacher is available at the request of students as a resource person. Advantage: Helps students to perceive themselves as independent learners. Disadvantage: May misread student's readiness for independent work. Some students may become anxious when given autonomy. Source: Grasha, A., (1996). Teaching with Style, Pittsburgh, PA: Alliance Publishers, p.154. METU-NCC

Please complete http://teachingperspectives.com/ The TPI, Teaching Perspectives Inventory http://teachingperspectives.com/ METU-NCC

Personal Style Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Based upon Jungian Types Keirsey Temperment Sorter METU-NCC