Physical Science Review Part 1: States of Matter

It’s what the world’s made of. Matter: It’s what the world’s made of. Here are some notes

STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.

So what is a solid? Solids are usually hard because their molecules have been packed together. The closer your molecules are, the harder you are. Even when you grind up a solid into a powder, you will see little tiny pieces of that solid under a microscope. Liquids will move and fill up any container. Solids like their shape.

STATES OF MATTER LIQUID Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another. Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.

So what is the big deal about liquids So what is the big deal about liquids? Solids are hard things you can hold. Gases are floating around you and in bubbles. What is a liquid? Water is a liquid. Your blood is a liquid. Liquids are an in-between state of matter. They can be found in between the solid and gas states. Liquids have three main properties: It does not have a definite shape. It has a definite mass. It has a definite volume.

STATES OF MATTER GAS Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely. Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

Gases don't keep their shape, and don't keep their volume either Gases don't keep their shape, and don't keep their volume either. If you had one liter of a gas, such as nitrogen, and you pumped it into a 2-liter jar, the gas would swell to fill up the whole 2 liters.

State Changes… Solids can melt and become liquids, and liquids can boil to become gases. Likewise, gases can condense to become liquids, and liquids can freeze to become solids. Sometimes solids can even become gases without ever becoming liquids. But what makes solids melt, and what makes gases condense?

HEAT! The simple answer is heat. But what is heat? Most of you probably have felt hot or cold. But what makes something hot or cold? Heat is a form of energy. Heat is the energy of moving molecules. Click on the following link to show how the molecules move when heat is added. http://www.miamisci.org/af/sln/phases/copperliquid.html

Changing States of Matter Let's think about an ice cube. An ice cube is a solid, that is, its molecules aren't moving relative to each other. They may be shaking and vibrating, but they stay put. If we heat the ice cube, its molecules start moving around more. If we heat the ice cube enough, the molecules will start moving around relative to each other, and when this happens, the solid ice melts and becomes liquid water. If we keep heating the liquid water, eventually the water molecules will be moving so fast that they won't want to stay with each other anymore. When this happens, the liquid water becomes a gas. Now you have water vapor! Click on the following link for animation of States of Matter: http://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_whalley_sf1_1/int/2_slg.html

Changing States of Matter All this can happen backwards, too. If the water vapor gets cold enough, it will condense back into liquid water, and if we keep cooling the water, it will freeze to become ice again. Click on the following link for molecule animation of states of matter: http://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_whalley_sf1_1/int/matter.html

States of Matter Foldable Now draw the following table on the inside of your foldable: Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Solid to liquid Melting Heat goes into the solid as it melts. Liquid to solid Freezing Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes. Liquid to gas Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes. Gas to liquid Condensation Heat leaves the gas as it condenses.

States of Matter Foldable Fold lines INSIDE PANEL Draw table here. It may take up all 3 panels if necessary.

States of Matter Foldable Fold Lines Outside Panels Use these 2 panels to describe in detail with pictures the 3 states of matter. Cover Page Name