XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 1 Introducing the World Wide Web Developing a Basic Web Page HTML Tutorial 1 Session 1.1

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 2 CIS-158 How many student completed CIS-158. What you learn in CIS 158. I would like to see yours CIS – 158 final individual project or assignment.

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 3 Session 1.1 In this session you will learn the basics of how the World Wide Web is structured and how it operates. You will then begin to explores the HTML language that is used to creates web sites. Basics network history.

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 4 Introduction to Networks What is a network? –Network provide computers the ability of communication between them –Computer system that links two or more computers –Collections of terminals, computers, and other equipments that use communication channels –To share data, info, hardware, software –Fig 1.1

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 5 Networks (Hardware) LAN -- Local Area Network –A communication network which span small area –Ethernet, TokenRing –School, office WAN -- Wide Area Network –A communication network which is spread across wide geographic area –Frame Relay, X.25, ATM –Schools, cities, countries

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 6 Structure of the Internet This figure shows the physical structure of the Internet, which uses fiber-optic cables, satellites, phone lines, and other telecommunications media to send data back and forth.

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 7 Internet A group of inter- connected networks TCP/IP HTTP, SMTP, FTP, Telnet It functions as a single, cooperative virtual network

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 8 Networks (Protocol) What is a protocol? –A set of rules governing the information flow within a communications infrastructure –Control format, timing, error essential correction and running order –Essential for a device to be able to interpret incoming information –Each protocol responsible for one part of a communications function

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 9 Hypertext Documents Hypertext offers a better way of locating information. When you read a book, you follow a linear progression, reading one page after another. With hypertext, you progress through pages in whatever way is best suited to you and your objectives. Hypertext lets you skip from one topic to another.

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 10 Hypertext Documents Continued The key to hypertext is the use of links, which you activate to move from one topic to another. –a link can open a document on a computer anywhere in the world Hypertext has become the dominate method of sharing and retrieving information on the Internet, becoming known as the World Wide Web, or the Web. Documents on the Web are known as Web pages.

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 11 Linear Versus Hypertext Documents This figure shows how topics can be related in a hypertext fashion, as opposed to a linear fashion.

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 12 Internet Protocols PPP –Point-to-Point Protocol –Create a TCP/IP connection over regular telephone lines using modems on both ends FTP –File Transfer Protocol –Enables transferring of text and binary files over TCP connection

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 13 Web Pages and Web Browsers A Web page is stored on a Web server, which makes the page available to users of the Web. To view a Web page, the user runs a Web browser, a software program that retrieves the page and displays it. A Web browser can either be text-based, or graphical.

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 14 Using a Browser to View a Web Document on a Server This figure shows to view web pages, the user runs a Web browser, a software program that retrieves the page and displays it.

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 15 Internet Protocols Telnet –A terminal emulation protocol for use over a TCP connection SMTP –Simple Mail Transfer Protocol –transferring electronic mail ( ) messages from one machine to another

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 16 Internet Protocols HTTP –Hyper Text Transport Protocol –Transfer hypertext pages across the world wide web

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 17 Internet Protocols (TCP) TCP –Transmission Control Protocol –enables a computer to send data to a remote computer –Reliable, i.e. packets are guaranteed to wind up at their target, at the correct order UDP –User Datagram Protocol –doesn't guarantee delivery –doesn't guarantee that packets will be received in the same order they were sent

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 18 Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Protocol –underline protocol for all the other protocols in the TCP/IP protocol suite –Computers in the IP world are identify by unique numbers, i.e., IP address IP address –32 bits numbers that usually written out at four 8 bits number separated by dots , –Managed by Network Information Center (NIC)

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 19 Human-readable representation of IP address bach.cs.ccc.edu Organization type Organization name Host name IP Address: Domain Name

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 20 Domain Name Suffix –.com : commercial organizations –.edu : educational institutions –.mil : military –.gov : government –.org : non-profit organizations –.net : network institution

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 21 Internet History 1969: ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) –four major computers at universities in the southwestern US (UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, UCSB, and the University of Utah) –Goals No centralized control Share information and computer on military and scientific projects

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 22 Internet History 1972: was adapted for ARPANET by Ray Tomlinson 1972: telnet protocol was published as a Request for Comments (RFC) 1973: ftp protocol was published as a RFC 1980: TCP/IP was adopted by the Defense Department –The Internet matured

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 23 Internet History 1989: CERN (European Laboratory for Particle Physics) proposed a new protocol for information distribution. This protocol became the World Wide Web in : Graphical browser Mosaic by Marc Andreessen and his team 1992: Delphi was the first national commercial online service to offer Internet access to its subscribers

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 24 The Internet The Internet consists of millions of interconnected computers that enable users to communicate and share information. Many Internet tools required users to master an array of terms, acronyms, and commands before they could navigate the Internet. The World Wide Web was developed to make the Internet easier to use and give quick access to users.

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 25 FTP Transferring files between different computers You can edit your personal Web page via Notepad on a PC When you finish a page, you need ftp to transfer the pages into your shrike account

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 26 How to Publish Web Pages on ccc.edu Please ask web master to provide you the space on web server. Next week every one must get there space in the ccc.truman web server telnet into ccc.edu web site create a subdirectory, named your name_html, under your home directory –mkdir your name_html ftp the files into directory your name_html –one of the files should be named index.html, the default homepage

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 27 Web Servers & Web Browsers Web Servers –Inorder to serve up pages, web sites need a host-a computer-and server software that runs on the host. The host manages the communications protocols and houses the pages and the related software required to create a web site on the Internet Web Browsers: –A web browser is a software package that enables a user to display and interact with HTML documents hosted by web servers. It is the most commonly used kind of user agent. The largest networked collection of hypertext documents is known as the World Wide Web.

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 28 Tools for creating HTML documents Notepad MS-Word Front Page Dreamweaver

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 29 Question 1.What is hyper text? 2.What is Web Server & Web Browser? 3.What is HTML? 4.What software program do you need to create an HTML page?

XP Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTML Tutorial 1 30 Any Questions on Section-1.1