Events Leading to the Civil War VUS.6c, 7a-c

Issues dividing the nation Economic Divisions Economic Divisions –The Northern states developed an industrial economy based on manufacturing.

The North favored a high protective tariff to protect Northern manufacturers from foreign competition. The North favored a high protective tariff to protect Northern manufacturers from foreign competition.

The Southern states developed an agricultural economy consisting of a slavery based system of plantations in the lowlands along the Atlantic and in the Deep South. The Southern states developed an agricultural economy consisting of a slavery based system of plantations in the lowlands along the Atlantic and in the Deep South.

Small subsistence farmers lived in the foothills and valleys of the Appalachian Mountains. Small subsistence farmers lived in the foothills and valleys of the Appalachian Mountains. The South strongly opposed high tariffs because it increased the price of imported manufactured goods which they needed. The South strongly opposed high tariffs because it increased the price of imported manufactured goods which they needed.

Slavery and States’ Rights As the US expanded westward, the conflict over slavery grew more bitter and threatened to tear the country apart. As the US expanded westward, the conflict over slavery grew more bitter and threatened to tear the country apart.

The abolitionist movement (the movement to abolish slavery), grew in the North. It was led by William Lloyd Garrison The abolitionist movement (the movement to abolish slavery), grew in the North. It was led by William Lloyd Garrison and New England ministers.

publisher of The Liberator, an antislavery newspaper. Garrison was the publisher of The Liberator, an antislavery newspaper. Religious leaders saw slavery as a violation of Christian principles Religious leaders saw slavery as a violation of Christian principles

Harriet Beecher Stowe, wife of a New England clergyman, wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a best selling novel that inflamed Northern abolitionist sentiment. Harriet Beecher Stowe, wife of a New England clergyman, wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a best selling novel that inflamed Northern abolitionist sentiment.

Southerners were frightened by the growing strength of Northern abolitionism. Southerners were frightened by the growing strength of Northern abolitionism. Slave revolts in Virginia, led by Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser, fed white Southern fears about slave rebellions and led to harsh laws in the South against fugitives. Slave revolts in Virginia, led by Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser, fed white Southern fears about slave rebellions and led to harsh laws in the South against fugitives.

Southerners who favored abolition were intimidated into silence. Southerners who favored abolition were intimidated into silence.

The admission of new states led to conflicts over whether the new states would allow slavery (slave states) or prohibit slavery (free states). Many compromises were struck to keep a balance of power. The admission of new states led to conflicts over whether the new states would allow slavery (slave states) or prohibit slavery (free states). Many compromises were struck to keep a balance of power.

Missouri Compromise (1820) Missouri Compromise (1820) –drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase, with slavery prohibited above the line and allowed below the line. Slavery was allowed in Missouri (most of Missouri was above the line)

Insert Unitedstreaming videoclip here.

Compromise of 1850 Compromise of 1850 –California entered as a free state, while the new territories acquired from Mexico (Mexican War) would decide on their own

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) –repealed the Missouri Compromise by giving the people of Kansas and Nebraska the choice whether to allow slavery in their states (popular sovereignty)

–This law produced bloody fighting in Kansas as pro- and anti- slavery forces battled each other. – It also led to the birth of the Republican party that year to oppose the spread of slavery.

Southerners argued that individual states could nullify laws passed by Congress. Southerners argued that individual states could nullify laws passed by Congress. They also began to insist that states had entered the Union freely and could leave (secede) freely if they chose. They also began to insist that states had entered the Union freely and could leave (secede) freely if they chose.

Scott v Sanford Dred Scott was a slave who sued for his freedom. Dred Scott was a slave who sued for his freedom. The Supreme Court ruled against Scott because he was a slave and therefore could not sue The Supreme Court ruled against Scott because he was a slave and therefore could not sue It further stated that slaves were property and you could not deny a citizen his property It further stated that slaves were property and you could not deny a citizen his property

Scott v Sanford The Dred Scott decision by the Supreme Court overturned efforts to limit the spread of slavery and outraged Northerners The Dred Scott decision by the Supreme Court overturned efforts to limit the spread of slavery and outraged Northerners

Abraham Lincoln, who had joined the new Republican Party, and Stephen Douglas, a Northern Democrat, conducted numerous debates when running for US Senate in Illinois in Abraham Lincoln, who had joined the new Republican Party, and Stephen Douglas, a Northern Democrat, conducted numerous debates when running for US Senate in Illinois in 1858.

Douglas argued for popular sovereignty.

Lincoln opposed the SPREAD of slavery

Enforcement of the harsh Fugitive Slave Act, which required slaves who had escaped to be forcibly returned to their owners in the South, further angered the North Enforcement of the harsh Fugitive Slave Act, which required slaves who had escaped to be forcibly returned to their owners in the South, further angered the North

Lincoln warned, “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” The nation could not continue half-free and half-slave. The issue must be resolved. Lincoln warned, “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” The nation could not continue half-free and half-slave. The issue must be resolved.

Preston Brooks of SC attacks Charles Sumner of MA in Sept. 1856

Women’s suffrage movement At the same time the abolitionist movement grew, a new reform movement took root, to give equal rights to women. At the same time the abolitionist movement grew, a new reform movement took root, to give equal rights to women.

Seneca Falls Declaration (Declaration of Sentiments)--called for women to gain the right to vote and other rights Seneca Falls Declaration (Declaration of Sentiments)--called for women to gain the right to vote and other rights

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony were the leaders of the movement. They also were involved in the abolitionist movement and other social reform movements both before and after the Civil War. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony were the leaders of the movement. They also were involved in the abolitionist movement and other social reform movements both before and after the Civil War.

Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Insert videoclip here. (or delete this frame)

Civil War

Civil War -- major events Election of 1860 Election of 1860 Ft. Sumter Ft. Sumter Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg Gettysburg Appomattox Appomattox

Election of 1860 Lincoln won the election despite only controlling 40% of the popular vote Lincoln won the election despite only controlling 40% of the popular vote South Carolina will secede (leave the union) in Dec followed by six other “deep” south states South Carolina will secede (leave the union) in Dec followed by six other “deep” south states

Lincoln Others -- 16

Lincoln – 39.9% Others – 60.1% Lincoln – 180 Others --123

Key leaders Abraham Lincoln-- President of the US, insisted the country must be held together Abraham Lincoln-- President of the US, insisted the country must be held together

Ulysses S. Grant--Union military commander, defeated the South after other commanders failed Ulysses S. Grant--Union military commander, defeated the South after other commanders failed

Robert E. Lee—Virginian, fought for the South, General of the Army of Northern Virginia Robert E. Lee—Virginian, fought for the South, General of the Army of Northern Virginia

Lee opposed secession, but did not believe the union should be held together by force and could not fight against his native Virginia Lee opposed secession, but did not believe the union should be held together by force and could not fight against his native Virginia

Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass former slave who became prominent black abolitionist. former slave who became prominent black abolitionist.

Douglass urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the Union army Douglass urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the Union army

Battle of Ft. Sumter First official battle of the Civil War First official battle of the Civil War Union fort in Charleston harbor bombarded by the Confederates for two days before they surrendered. Union fort in Charleston harbor bombarded by the Confederates for two days before they surrendered. Lincoln calls for volunteers to fight the South and four more Southern states seceded. Lincoln calls for volunteers to fight the South and four more Southern states seceded.

Battle of Bull Run First major fighting on land of the Civil War. The South wins a shockingly easy victory. They could have won the war if they had been more organized. First major fighting on land of the Civil War. The South wins a shockingly easy victory. They could have won the war if they had been more organized. North realizes it will be a long war North realizes it will be a long war

Battle of Antietam Lee’s first attempt to invade the North. Lee’s first attempt to invade the North. He wanted to show foreign countries he could win in the North. He wanted to show foreign countries he could win in the North. He will be defeated and the Union will claim their first major victory in the East. He will be defeated and the Union will claim their first major victory in the East.

Emancipation Proclamation Issued after the Battle of Antietam (first union victory in the East) Issued after the Battle of Antietam (first union victory in the East) Freed those slaves located in “REBELLING” states only Freed those slaves located in “REBELLING” states only Officially made the destruction of slavery a Union war goal Officially made the destruction of slavery a Union war goal discouraged foreign interference discouraged foreign interference

Battle of Gettysburg Lee’s second attempt to attack in the North. Lee will be badly beaten and his army will be on the defensive the rest of the war. Lee’s second attempt to attack in the North. Lee will be badly beaten and his army will be on the defensive the rest of the war. Combined with the Battle of Vicksburg to be the TURNING POINT OF THE CIVIL WAR Combined with the Battle of Vicksburg to be the TURNING POINT OF THE CIVIL WAR

Gettysburg Address Issued by Lincoln after the battle of Gettysburg Issued by Lincoln after the battle of Gettysburg He described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation that was dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal” He described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation that was dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal”

and that was ruled by a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.” and that was ruled by a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.” Lincoln believed America was “one nation,” not a collection of sovereign states. Lincoln believed America was “one nation,” not a collection of sovereign states. Southerners believed that states had freely joined the Union and could freely leave Southerners believed that states had freely joined the Union and could freely leave

Mr. Munford had a video here…. you could insert one, or delete this frame.

Appomattox Grant will finally cut off Lee’s army’s escape route and Lee will surrender to Grant in April Grant will finally cut off Lee’s army’s escape route and Lee will surrender to Grant in April END OF THE WAR.

Reconstruction

Lincoln—Before and After

Political effects of the Civil War Lincoln’s view that the US was one nation, indivisible, had prevailed. Lincoln’s view that the US was one nation, indivisible, had prevailed. Lincoln believed that since secession was illegal, Confederate governments were illegitimate and the states had never really left the union. Lincoln believed that since secession was illegal, Confederate governments were illegitimate and the states had never really left the union.

He believed that Reconstruction was a matter of quickly restoring legitimate state governments that were loyal to the Union in the South. He believed that Reconstruction was a matter of quickly restoring legitimate state governments that were loyal to the Union in the South. Lincoln also believed that since the war was over, to reunify the nation the federal government should not punish the South but act “with malice towards none, with charity for all…to bind up the nation’s wounds…” Lincoln also believed that since the war was over, to reunify the nation the federal government should not punish the South but act “with malice towards none, with charity for all…to bind up the nation’s wounds…”

The assassination of Lincoln just a few days after Lee’s surrender enabled Radical Republicans to influence Reconstruction. The assassination of Lincoln just a few days after Lee’s surrender enabled Radical Republicans to influence Reconstruction.

Radical Reconstruction The Radicals were much more punitive towards the former Confederate states. The states were not put immediately back into the Union but were forced into military occupation by the North. The Radicals were much more punitive towards the former Confederate states. The states were not put immediately back into the Union but were forced into military occupation by the North.

Radical Republicans also believed in aggressively guaranteeing voting and other civil rights to African Americans. They clashed repeatedly with Lincoln’s successor as President, Andrew Johnson, over the issue of civil rights for freed slaves. Radical Republicans also believed in aggressively guaranteeing voting and other civil rights to African Americans. They clashed repeatedly with Lincoln’s successor as President, Andrew Johnson, over the issue of civil rights for freed slaves.

Andrew Johnson

The Radicals in Congress will eventually impeach Johnson. The Radicals in Congress will eventually impeach Johnson. They will fail to remove Johnson from office by one vote on each charge. They will fail to remove Johnson from office by one vote on each charge.

Civil War Amendments Thirteenth Amendment--slavery was abolished permanently in the United States Thirteenth Amendment--slavery was abolished permanently in the United States Fourteenth Amendment--States were prohibited from denying equal rights under the law to any American Fourteenth Amendment--States were prohibited from denying equal rights under the law to any American

Fifteenth Amendment-- Voting rights were guaranteed regardless of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude” (former slaves) Fifteenth Amendment-- Voting rights were guaranteed regardless of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude” (former slaves)

Election of 1876 Democrats have first legitimate chance to win a National Election since 1860 Democrats have first legitimate chance to win a National Election since 1860

Election of 1876 Rutherford Hayes Samuel Tilden

Hayes won and Tilden won because there were two sets of results. Hayes won and Tilden won because there were two sets of results. A compromise will give Hayes the election in exchange for removing the troops from the South. A compromise will give Hayes the election in exchange for removing the troops from the South.

Compromise of Hayes became president 2. Troops removed from the South 3. Democrat put in the President’s cabinet 4. Transcontinental Railroad built in the South

Jim Crow Era Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction Allowed former confederates who were Democrats to regain control of political power in the South Allowed former confederates who were Democrats to regain control of political power in the South

Began the “Jim Crow Era” in which African Americans in the South were denied the full rights of American citizenship. Began the “Jim Crow Era” in which African Americans in the South were denied the full rights of American citizenship.

Economic and social impact of the Civil War The Southern states were left embittered and devastated by the war. Farms, railroads, and factories had been destroyed throughout the South, and the cities of Richmond and Atlanta lay in ruins The Southern states were left embittered and devastated by the war. Farms, railroads, and factories had been destroyed throughout the South, and the cities of Richmond and Atlanta lay in ruins

Savannah

Atlanta

Dead at Chancellorsville

Destruction in Richmond

The South would remain a backward, agricultural-based economy and the poorest section of the nation for many decades afterward. The South would remain a backward, agricultural-based economy and the poorest section of the nation for many decades afterward.

The North and Midwest emerged with strong and growing industrial economies, laying the foundation for the sweeping industrialization of the nation (other than the South) in the next half-century. The North and Midwest emerged with strong and growing industrial economies, laying the foundation for the sweeping industrialization of the nation (other than the South) in the next half-century. The United States will emerge as a global economic power by the beginning of the 20th century. The United States will emerge as a global economic power by the beginning of the 20th century.