Specialty Group Sponsors: Coastal and Marine Geography Geographic Information Science and Systems Marine/Coastal GIS and Acoustic Remote Sensing AAG Annual Meeting, Denver April 8, 2005 Photo by

D.J. Wright, E. Lundblad*, E. Larkin^, R. Rinehart, Dept. of Geosciences, Oregon State University J. Murphy NOAA Coastal Services Center Benthic Terrain Modeling Algorithms and Web Distribution AAG Annual Meeting, Denver April 8, 2005 Photo by

National Marine Sanctuaries Map courtesy of NOAA National Marine Sanctuary System

Maps courtesy of National Park of American Samoa

Artwork by Jayne Doucette, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

By former OrSt grad student Emily Larkin

FBNMS: Some Major Issues Natural & human impacts – Crown-of-thorns invasion, hurricanes, bleaching – Illegal fishing, sewage outfall Photos courtesy of NOAA National Marine Sanctuary System

FBNMS cont. & Research ??s Prior to 2001… – Sanctuary largely unexplored below depths of ~30-60 m – no comprehensive documentation of the plants, animals, and submarine topography. Little is known of tropical “twilight zone” – shelf-edge ( m deep) of coral reef habitats throughout the world Best combo of terrain analysis techniques? Extension of satellite-based scheme – What is viable classification acoustically?

OrSt & USF Multibeam Surveys to date By OrSt grad student Emily Lundblad

Shallow Multibeam ( May 2001, November 2002 ) Kongsberg-Simrad EM-3000 Fans out 121 beams at 130 deg. Swaths 3-4 times water depth Depths in m range at survey speeds of 3-12 knots cm-resolution w/ dGPS

By OrSt grad student Emily Larkin

Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, 2001 bathy

Bathymetric Position Index (from TPI, Jones et al., 2000; Weiss, 2001; Iampietro & Kvitekk, 2002) Measure of where a point is in the overall land- or “seascape” Compares elevation of cell to mean elevation of neighborhood (after Weiss 2001)

Algorithm compares each cell’s elevation to the mean elevation of the surrounding cells in an annulus or ring. bpi = int((bathy - focalmean(bathy, annulus, irad, orad)) +.5) Bathymetric Position Index -3m- | || | resolution = 3 m irad = 2 cells (6 m) orad = 4 cells (12 m) scalefactor = resolution * orad = 36 m Negative bpi = depression Positive bpi = crest Zero bpi = constant slope or flat

BPI Zone and Structure Classification Flowchart Emily Lundblad, OrSt M.S. Thesis

Fish Abundance & BPI Courtesy of Pat Iampietro, CSU-MB, ESRI UC 2003

Benthic Habitat Pilot Areas, DMWR

2005 HURL Sub & ROV surveys Ka‘imikai-o-Kanaloa Pisces IV or V RCV-150

Rugosity Measure of how rough or bumpy a surface is, how convoluted and complex Ratio of surface area to planar area Graphics courtesy of Jeff Jenness, Jenness Enterprises, and Pat Iampietro, CSU-MB Surface area based on elevations of 8 neighbors 3D view of grid on the leftCenter pts of 9 cells connected To make 8 triangles Portions of 8 triangles overlapping center cell used for surface area

Emily Lundblad, OrSt M.S. Thesis

Link to Samoan version of site Zoom to study area Links to help, data download and info pages Active tool display Overview Map American Samoa Benthic Terrain Viewer scallywag.science.oregonstate.edu/website/AmSamoa/viewer.htm … or via dusk.geo.orst.edu/djl/samoa

Samoan Collaborations & Products OSU, NOAA & AS GIS User Group –Benthic classifications for benthic habitat/MPAs –American Samoa Benthic Terrain Viewer –AS Marine/Coastal Bibliographic Tool –On-island workshops in September 2004 –Benthic Terrain Modeler (ArcGIS 8.x/9.x tool) –3D Visualizations and movies in Fledermaus Other work –NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Mapping –Duke U. Coral reef ecosystem studies

For more information … dusk.geo.orst.edu/djl/samoa Image courtesy of FBNMS

Structure Classification Decision Tree Emily Lundblad, OrSt M.S. Thesis