A New Rome, A New Setting  Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire)  Justinian was leader who re-unified western and eastern Rome  Established the Justinian Code(law code) to guide society  Rebuilt Constantinople Built churches, palaces, roads, schools, hospitals Became a booming city of the day

What happened to the “new” Roman Empire?  Justinian died  Plague hit the empire At the worst, 10,000 were dying every day  Faced constant attacks from foreign enemies Held back many attacks Finally fell to Ottoman Turks in 1453

How was Russia “born?”  Viking and Slavs united to create a settlement in Russia’s first important city, Novgorod  Kiev was soon settled and was used as a point of trade to distant lands  Vikings and Slavs began to intermarry and the line between the two vanished  Kiev’s power continued to grow for the next fifty years, however a steady decline began in 1054 that would lead to Kiev’s downfall

The Mongol Invasions  Middle 1200s, Mongols arrived in Russia  Nomads, led by Genghis Khan, one of the most feared warriors of all time  Used brutal warfare-savage killing & burning of land  Arrived in Kiev in 1240 destroyed city  Mongols were tolerant of Russian customs and traditions Had to pay tribute Had to obey laws

How did Russia become free?  Moscow founded in 1100s  Located near three major rivers  Ivan I, earned his way into Mongol leadership  Future generations schemed to take on more power Ivan III openly challenged the Mongols 1480 final break was made

The Tang Dynasty Expands China  Ruled for nearly 300 years  Begun by Tang Taizong  Empire expanded Reconquered lost lands Extended influence over Korea Stronger central government Improved roads Civil service system  Empire eventually became difficult to control Internal rebellions Outside attacks

General named Taizu reunited China and declared himself first emperor of the Song Dynasty Empire was smaller, but more stable and powerful

Prosperous China  Science Moveable type Gun powder Explosive weapons  Agriculture Improved cultivation of rice  Trade Flourished ○ Silk road ○ Port cities  Poetry and Art Great poetry

Large Gentry (upper class) Urban middle class Laborers, soldiers, servants Women were subservient to men

Who were the Mongols?  Nomads  Originally from steppes of Eurasia  United under Genghis Khan Led for 21 years Brilliant organizer Gifted strategist Used cruelty as a weapon Conquered much of Asia, beginning with China

Mongol Rule in China  Kept separate identity Lived apart from Chinese Obeyed different laws Kept Chinese out of government offices  Foreign trade increased Silk Road Port Cities

Venetian trader Traveled along Silk Road Loyal to Mongols in China

Why did Mongol Rule in China end?  Armies and navies suffered defeat  Spent too much on wars, public works and luxuries  Rebellion broke out and Mongols overthrown

Geography of Southeast Asia  Warm, humid tropics  Heavy, seasonal rains  Seas and straits  Mountains, which made transportation and communication difficult

Growth of Japanese Civilization  First mention of Japan in 1 st century BC  Japan was not united at this time  Many different clans  Early religion was Shinto Way of the Gods  First led by Yamato Clan

Buddhism arrived in Japan mid-700s Borrowed most culture from China Food Arts System of government

Feudalism in Japan  Small landowners traded parts of their land to strong warlords in exchange for protection  Lords surrounded themselves with samurai for protection Valued fairness, reverence to gods and generosity