Chapter 9 Male Reproductive System Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Learning Objectives Name, locate, and describe the functions of the organs of the male reproductive system. Define some abnormal conditions and infections that affect the male reproductive system. Differentiate among several types of sexually transmitted infections.

Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Define many combining forms used to describe the structures of the this system. Describe various laboratory tests and clinical procedures that are pertinent to the disorders of the male reproductive system, and recognize related abbreviations. Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their contexts, such as medical reports and records.

Introduction The male sex cell is called a spermatozoon, or sperm cell. The sperm cell carries its nuclear hereditary material, or chromosomes, in its head region. The tail consists of a flagellum, which makes the sperm cell mobile. What are the parts of a sperm cell and what is the sperm cell’s purpose? How does sperm navigate?

Introduction (cont’d.) Only one spermatozoon out of 300 million sperm cells released during ejaculation can fertilize a single female ovum. If more than one egg is present in the fallopian tubes during ejaculation, multiple fertilizations are possible. Ask students to describe the process of fertilization.

Twins resulting from the fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cells are called fraternal twins. Twins resulting from the fertilization of a single egg by a single sperm are called identical twins. Fraternal twins. Notice the 6-week-old embryos in two separate amnionic sacs What is the difference between fraternal and identical twins? Which twins are a perfect genetic match?

Introduction The organs of the male reproductive system are designed to produce and release billions of sperm cells throughout the man’s lifetime. The hormone called testosterone is responsible for the bodily characteristics of the male (such as beard, pubic hair and deeper voice). Describe the role of testosterone. What is the difference between the number of eggs vs. sperm cells?

Anatomy – page 313

Anatomy (cont’d.) Internal structure of the testis and the epididymis

Anatomy (cont’d.) The passage of sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the outside of the body.

Vocabulary page 315 bulbourethral glands – pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra epididymis (pl. epididymides) – tightly coiled tubes that carry sperm form the seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens Flagellum – hair like projection on sperm that make it motile fraternal twins – twins from two separate ova fertilized by two different sperm. What is the difference between a bulbourethral gland and the Cowper gland? Which terms relate to the ejaculatory process? What type of twin can produce conjoined twins? What is impotence?

Vocabulary identical twins – two infants resulting from division of one fertilzed egg into two distinct embyros. What is the difference between a bulbourethral gland and the Cowper gland? Which terms relate to the ejaculatory process? What type of twin can produce conjoined twins? What is impotence?

Vocabulary – page 316 prostate gland – exocrine gland in men at the base of urinary bladder. Secretes the fluid part of semen Scrotum – external sac that contains testes Semen – sperm cells and seminal fluid spermatozoon (pl. spermatozoa) – sperm cell What is the difference between a bulbourethral gland and the Cowper gland? Which terms relate to the ejaculatory process? What type of twin can produce conjoined twins? What is impotence?

Prostate Gland

Vocabulary – page 316 testis (pl.: testes) – male gonad, produces sperm and hormone testosterone Testosterone – hormone secreted by testes responsible for male sex characteristics vas deferens – narrow tubes that carry sperm from epididymis into the body and toward the urethra. What is the difference between a bulbourethral gland and the Cowper gland? Which terms relate to the ejaculatory process? What type of twin can produce conjoined twins? What is impotence?

Vas Deferens

COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY – page 317 Combining Form Meaning andr/o male cry/o cold crypt/o hidden epididym/o epididymis gon/o seed hydr/o fluid/water

COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY – page 318 Combining Form Meaning prostat/o prostate gland semin/i semen/seed terat/o monster varic/o varicose veins vas/o vessel, duct; vas deferens

“monster tumor” Teratoma – benign tumor occuring in the testes

Varicocele Varicocele – a collection of varicose veins above the testis

Vasectomy is a surgical procedure in which the vasa deferentia of a man are cut for the purpose of sterilization.

COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY- page 319 SUFFIXES -genesis formation (spermatogensis) -one hormone -stomy new opening Suffix Meaning

Pathologic Conditions- page 319-322 How is hydrocele treated? What are the risks of an undescended testis? How common is carcinoma of the testes? What are varicoceles? What is the treatment for testicular torsion?

Pathologic Conditions How are carcinoma of the prostate and prostatic hyperplasia diagnosed? How are they treated?

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) – page 322 Common Infections chlamydial infection Gonorrhea herpes genitalis syphilis What are the symptoms of a chlamydial infection? Gonorrhea? Herpes genitalis? Syphilis? What types of drugs are given to treat these infections? Which infections can occur without symptoms?

Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures – page 324 PSA test – measures prostate-specific antigen in the blood. Elevated levels are associated with and enlarged prostate and may be a sign of prostate cancer semen analysis – Sperm cells are examined for motility and shape. The number of sperm cells is also obtained. What does the PSA test measure? What does a semen analysis look for? When might this test be performed?

QUICK QUIZ: 2. What does the PSA test for? A. Levels of infection B. Sperm Mobility C. Sperm Motility D. Levels of an antigen CORRECT Answer is D, PSA tests for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood. Elevated levels of PSA are associated with enlargement of the prostate gland and may be a sign of prostate cancer. .

Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) What procedure treats prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)? How is it performed? What is the purpose of a digital rectal exam?

Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures Vasectomy How does the urologist perform a vasectomy? Are there any side affects to a vasectomy? What is reversal of a vasectomy vasovasostomy

QUICK QUIZ: 3. What is the term that means removal of the prostate? A. orchiectomy B. prostatecomy C. vasectomy D. prostatitis CORRECT Answer is b

ABBREVIATIONS BPH GU - genitourinary HSV- herpes simplex virus PID - pelvic inflammatory disease PSA - prostate specific antigen RPR – rapid plasma reagin, test for syphilis

ABBREVIATIONS STI - sexually transmitted infection TRUS – transrectal ultrasound test to assess prostate gland TURP - transurethral resection of the prostate