America in the 1950s The Eisenhower Era.

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Presentation transcript:

America in the 1950s The Eisenhower Era

American Society The Baby Boom Between 1946 and 1961, 63.5 million babies Effects Short term Long term

American Society Economic Boom Consumer Demand “The Affluent Society” Why? For what?

American Society Growth of the Middle Class Suburbs Levittown Reemergence of the Cult of Domesticity Reflected by TV Dr. Benjamin Spock Sunbelt vs. Frostbelt Why? How?

American Society Sunbelt vs. Frostbelt Why? How?

American Society Pop Culture Television Movies 1950s – the decade of the greatest conformity in American history? Why or why not? Television Movies

American Society Rock n’ Roll Elvis Presley Generation Gap

American Society Art: Abstract Expressionism Jackson Pollock Willem de Koonig

American Society The Beat Generation (beatniks) Late 1950s Jack Kerouac’ s On the Road Allen Ginsburg Characteristics

American Society Conformity Resistance to Conformity Middle class values and anti-communism Examples David Riesman’s The Lonely Crowd (1950) Resistance to Conformity Civil Rights Rock n’ Roll Beat Generation

Politics of the 1950s Election of 1952 – Review – “I Like Ike” Ad Eisenhower defeats Adlai Stevenson

Domestic Politics Dynamic Conservatism Meant “being conservative when it comes to money and liberal when it comes to human beings.” Social Security benefits extended Minimum wage raised to $1 an hour Pragmatic, less ideological – What does this mean?

Domestic Politics Dynamic Conservatism Interstate Highway System – Why? Effects? St. Lawrence Seaway Creates Department of HEW – Why? Three balanced budgets in eight years

Domestic Politics Ike Reelected in 1956 Defeats Stevenson again Electoral vote 457 - 73 States carried 41 - 7 Popular vote 35,579,180 - 26,028,028 Percentage 57.4% - 42.0%

Domestic Politics Labor Unions Merger of AFL-CIO - 1955 Jimmy Hoffa and the Teamsters Landrum-Griffin Act - 1959 1959

Domestic Politics Alaska and Hawaii become the 49th and 50th states

Civil Rights Earl Warren (and Ike) Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka Kansas 1954 Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”

Civil Rights Response to Brown Massive resistance in the South Protesting the Little Rock Nine

Civil Rights Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-1956 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Rosa Parks

Civil Rights Little Rock, Arkansas Little Rock Nine Ike’s Response

Civil Rights Dr. King and non-violence Sit-ins Greensboro Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Civil Rights What is the point of the cartoon?

Civil Rights Other minorities Mexican-Americans Native Americans Bracero program “Operation Wetback” Native Americans Reverses New Deal law

Cold War Key Advisors John Foster Dulles Allen Dulles (CIA) (SoS) Allen Dulles (CIA) Eisenhower’s foreign policy Korea (visits in December 1952) Liberation of Eastern Europe Massive retaliation – define Brinksmanship Rejected containment – Why?

Cold War American Reactions Spending Cheyenne Mountain The Greenbriar http://www.greenbrier.com/site/bunker-gallery/

Cheyenne Mountain

Cold War Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) “New Look Military” Define: deterrent “New Look Military” Farewell Address Warning: growth of the military-industrial complex

Cold War Stalin dies-1953 Warsaw Pact 1955 New Soviet leader – Nikita Khrushchev “Peaceful coexistence” or “We will bury you” (economically)

Cold War Events Geneva Summit – 1955 Hungarian Uprising-1956 Suez Crisis – 1956 Nasser and Egypt Britain, France & Israel attack Egypt – Why? Eisenhower Doctrine

Cold War Events Sputnik National Defense Education Act 1957 (above, right) National Defense Education Act Explorer I launched 1958 (below, right) NASA founded

Cold War Events Conflict with the USSR Kitchen Debates U-2 Incident

The Cold War & the CIA Iran – 1953 Guatemala – 1954 Coup that installed the Shah as dictator Iranian revenge in 1979 Guatemala – 1954

Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Dien Bien Phu – 1954 SEATO Domino Theory Vietnam divided – how? Ngo Dinh Diem SEATO Domino Theory

Cuba Fidel Castro Successful coup, January 1, 1959 American response

The Affluent Society New Industrial Society R & D Computers Silicon Valley

The Affluent Society New Industrial Society Effects Rachel Carson

The Affluent Society Was everyone wealthy? Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man Michael Harrington The Other America: Poverty in the United States

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