1 Photosynthesis Energy & Life

2 Overview of Photosynthesis

3 Autotrophs Plants and some other types of organisms that contain the pigment chlorophyll are able to use light energy from the sun to produce chemical bond energy in (glucose).

4 Autotrophs Autotrophs include organisms that make their own foodAutotrophs include organisms that make their own food Autotrophs can use the suns energy directlyAutotrophs can use the suns energy directly Euglena

5 Heterotrophs Heterotrophs are organisms that can NOT make their own foodHeterotrophs are organisms that can NOT make their own food Heterotrophs can NOT directly use the suns energyHeterotrophs can NOT directly use the suns energy Heterotrophs must consume food.Heterotrophs must consume food.

6 Energy Energy Takes Many Forms such as light, heat, electrical, chemical, mechanicalEnergy Takes Many Forms such as light, heat, electrical, chemical, mechanical Energy can be changed from one form to anotherEnergy can be changed from one form to another Energy can be stored in chemical bonds & then released laterEnergy can be stored in chemical bonds & then released later Candles release energy as HEAT & LIGHT

7 ATP – Cellular Energy Adenosine TriphosphateAdenosine Triphosphate Contains two, high-energy phosphate bondsContains two, high-energy phosphate bonds Also contains the nitrogen base adenine & a ribose sugarAlso contains the nitrogen base adenine & a ribose sugar

8 ADP Adenosine DiphosphateAdenosine Diphosphate ATP releases energy, a free phosphate, & ADP when cells take energy from ATPATP releases energy, a free phosphate, & ADP when cells take energy from ATP One phosphate bond has been removed

9 Sugar in ADP & ATP Called ribose Pentose sugar Also found on RNA

10 Importance of ATP Principal Compound Used To Store Energy In Living Organisms

11 Releasing Energy From ATP ATP is constantly being used and remade by cellsATP is constantly being used and remade by cells ATP provides all of the energy for cell activitiesATP provides all of the energy for cell activities The high energy phosphate bonds can be BROKEN to release energyThe high energy phosphate bonds can be BROKEN to release energy

12 Releasing Energy From ATP Adding A Phosphate Group To ADP stores Energy in ATPAdding A Phosphate Group To ADP stores Energy in ATP Removing A Phosphate Group From ATP Releases Energy & forms ADPRemoving A Phosphate Group From ATP Releases Energy & forms ADP Loose Gain

13 Cells Using Biochemical Energy Cells Use ATP For: Active transport Movement Photosynthesis Protein Synthesis Cellular respiration All other cellular reactions

14 More on ATP Cells Have Enough ATP To Last For A Few SecondsCells Have Enough ATP To Last For A Few Seconds ATP must constantly be madeATP must constantly be made ATP Transfers Energy Very WellATP Transfers Energy Very Well ATP Is NOT Good At Energy StorageATP Is NOT Good At Energy Storage

15 Glucose Glucose is a monosaccharideGlucose is a monosaccharide C 6 H 12 O 6C 6 H 12 O 6 One Molecule of glucose Stores 90 Times More Chemical Energy Than One Molecule of ATPOne Molecule of glucose Stores 90 Times More Chemical Energy Than One Molecule of ATP

16 The Photosynthesis Equation

17 Pigments In addition to water, carbon dioxide, and light energy, photosynthesis requires Pigments Chlorophyll is the primary light-absorbing pigment in autotrophs Chlorophyll is found inside the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplasts

18Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce organic biomolecules (glucose).Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce organic biomolecules (glucose). 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 SUN photons

19 Plants Autotrophs – produce their own food (glucose)Autotrophs – produce their own food (glucose) Process called photosynthesisProcess called photosynthesis Mainly occurs in the leaves:Mainly occurs in the leaves: a.stoma - pores b.mesophyll cells Stoma Mesophyll Cell Chloroplast

20 Stomata (stoma) Pores in a plants cuticle through which water and gases are exchanged between the plant and the atmosphere. Guard Cell Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Oxygen (O 2 ) Found on the underside of leaves

21 Stomata (stoma) Pores in a plants cuticle through which water and gases are exchanged between the plant and the atmosphere. Guard Cell Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Oxygen (O 2 ) Found on the underside of leaves

22 Light and Pigments Energy From The Sun Enters Earths Biosphere As Photons Photon = Light Energy Unit Light Contains A Mixture Of Wavelengths Different Wavelengths Have Different Colors

23 Light & Pigments Different pigments absorb different wavelengths of lightDifferent pigments absorb different wavelengths of light Photons of light excite electrons in the plants pigmentsPhotons of light excite electrons in the plants pigments Excited electrons carry the absorbed energy which is eventually found in glucose.Excited electrons carry the absorbed energy which is eventually found in glucose.

24 Chlorophyll Found in all plants, Protist, & cyanobacteriaFound in all plants, Protist, & cyanobacteria Makes photosynthesis possibleMakes photosynthesis possible

25 The End