Chopping Simulations Results M. Garcia Tudela, JB. Lallement, PA. Posocco, A. Lombardi, G.Bellodi, M. Eshraqi, E. Sargsyan, L. Hein 1 17/06/2010
Chopper Line - Introduction Placed between the RFQ and DTL. Figure 1.- MEBT Scheme. Aim: Modify the time structure of the pulse, avoiding losses at high energy. Removes the bunches that would fall outside the bucket of the PSB at injection. (133/355) Removes the bunches during the rising time of the distributor (1µs gap) in the TL. Generate low intensity beams. Allow the matching to the DTL. Beam Dynamics chopper ON, fate of the particles Simulations with code PathManager[3] Field maps from the electromagnetic simulations [5] to have a realistic approach. 2 17/06/2010
Chopper Line ON – 700V Nominal case. Losses in the MEBT. Figure 2.- Beam power loss map [watts per element] in the MEBT. Input beam: 10 6 macro particles 0.04 % Duty cycle PSB rep. rate 1Hz, 400 µs pulse. ~ % Beam current after the MEBT. ( From 63.5 mA to 41µA) 3 17/06/2010
Chopper Line ON – 700V Tracking the beam up to the PSB Figure 3.- Beam power loss map [watts per meter] in the DTL. No beam loss in the CCDTL or PIMS. Worst case in the transfer line is 0.25 W/m. 77% of the partially chopped beam (at the output of the dump) is transmitted along the LINAC up to the end of the transfer line. 4 17/06/2010
Figure 5.- TL beam energy. Chopper OFF. Figure 4.- TL output beam (Nominal beam and deflected beam superimposed). Transmission, chopper ON: 0.06 % Figure 6.- TL beam energy. Chopper ON. Chopper Line ON – 700V 5 17/06/2010 Chopper OFF Chopper ON
Chopper Line ON – Other approaches Chopping efficiency applying different voltages to the plates for the same input beam. Chopper OFF : Transmission after the MEBT 96.3% Transmission to PSB 89.4% 6 17/06/2010 Voltage [V]Chopper efficiency % Input beam stopped by the dump Input beam to PSB Extinction ratio x x x x 10 -4
Some numbers 7 17/06/2010 Beam pulse 0.4 ms Beam pulse per ring 0.1 ms Repetition rate 1Hz Bunch frequency MHz Number of bunches per pulse (0.4 ms): 3.5 x 10 4 Number of bunches per pulse per ring (0.1 ms) : x 10 4 Number of particles per pulse to PSB: 1x10 14 Number of particles per bunch 1.14 x10 9 N f : Number of bunches filled in a pulse ( chopper OFF ) N e : Number of bunches empty in a pulse( chopper ON ) Extinction ratio criterion: Other commissioning scenarios: pulse 10 ns per ring ~ 3 bunches F e < 0.34 x10 -3 700 v : F e = 0.6 x 10-3 Number of particles chopper on is comparable to the number of particles during the pulse. pulse 30 ns per ring ~ 10 bunches F e < 0.87 x µs... NfNf NeNe Ring 3Ring 2Ring 1
If chopper driver rise/fall time > 2ns Partially deflected bunches Partially deflected bunches 8 17/06/2010 Voltage [V] Chopper efficiency % Input beam stopped by the dump Input beam to PSB Extinction ratio x x x V300 V 400 V 5 * RMS Emittance, superimposed The level of the losses along the linac is in the order of mW. Figure 7.- TL output deflected beams for every voltage (X-Y).
Conclusions The percentage of particles at the end of the TL decreases exponentially with the voltage. The larger the pulse required in a ring, the less strict the extinguish factor required. For the nominal case: 700 v 0.6 % o particles of the input beam transmitted to the PSB. For some commissioning scenarios requiring very low intensity beam this value could be not enough. 9 17/06/2010
References 17/06/ [1] F. Gerigk, M. Vretenar editors, “LINAC4 Technical Design Report”, CERN-AB ABP/RF [2] N.V Mokhov and W.Chou editors, “Beam Halo and scraping”, Proc. 7th ICFA mini-workshop on high intensity and high brightness hadron beams, Interlaken resort, Wisconsin, United States, 1999 [3] A. Perrin and J.F Amand, Travel v4.07, users manual,CERN (2003). [4] R.Duperrier, N. Pichoff, D. Uriot, “CEA Saclay codes review”, ICCS Conference 2002, Amsterdam [5] T. Kroyer, F. Caspers, E. Mahner, “The CERN SPL Chopper Structure: A Status Report”, CERN-AB , CARE-Report HIPPI [6] M. Garcia Tudela, JB. Lallement, A. Lombardi, “Chopper Line Studies”, CERN- sLHC-Project-Note-0012