ELECTRONIC CARDS Steve Massu

E-card #1 Source: F.S Gosling, Difficult Choices, Subject: Manhattan Project Keywords: Uranium, plutonium, Bomb Abstract: The creators of the atomic bomb had to choose between the Uranium Bomb and the Plutonium bomb. The Uranium bomb could be achieved only if uranium could be produced by one or more of the three isotope separation methods. Gaseous diffusion, Centrifuge and Electromagnetic are the three isotope separation methods The plutonium bomb is a faster way but it required a demonstration that plutonium could be produced in a uranium pile and then separated in usable quantities Plutonium research was chosen by Arthur Compton In December Roosevelt gave his final authorization to proceed with the construction of the bomb. This will help me understand how did they took the choice of which element they should use and how each element differed.

E-card #2 Source: Mary Bellis History of the Atomic Bomb & The Manhattan Project 2010 Subject: Manhatan Project Keywords: Uranium, bomb Abstract: On August 2, 1939 just before the beginning of world war 2 Albert einstein wrote to president roosevelt. He told them about Nazi germany trying to purify uranium 235, which was used to build atomic bombs. It was shortly after that the united states government began the serious undertaking known then as “the manhattan project” The most complicated issue to be adressed is making of an atomic bomb was the production of enriched uranium to sustain a chain reaction. At the time uranium-235 was very hard to extract. The ratio of conversion from uranium ore to uranium metal was 500 in 1, and the one part of uranium that was extracted was useless because the isotopes it contained. This will help me see all of the problems that the manhattan project encountered and how did they solve them and overcomed all obstacles.

E-card #3 Source: Subject: This is how the Manhattan project and why did they. Keywords: Nuclear, discoveries Abstract: was constructed in a makeshift laboratory under the grandstand of Stagg Field Stadium at The University of Chicago. It was the first designated nuclear bomb ever invented in the 25 century, and made it a landmark. The sculpture "Nuclear Energy" was unveiled at 3:36 p.m. on December 2, 1967, precisely a quarter-century after scientists at the University of Chicago achieved the first controlled self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction, initiating the atomic age. The atomic bomb took the first things from all the people over the world. Russia was scared from the Manhattan Project because they said that they could be the most powerful country in the world. In the website I can learn how the people from the University of chicago thought, and how the nuclear energy would help the modern things that are know in times. Also how the nuclear power would be so powerful to control everything.

E-card #4 Source: Subject: More about how it affected the soviet union, and helped USA. Keywords: Soviet, Pictures Abstract: the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, and the Japanese government surrendered to the United States and its allies. the Manhattan Project was a collection includes formerly "Top Secret Ultra" summaries and translations of Japanese diplomatic cable traffic intercepted under the "Magic" program. Japan the first one to receive this atomic bomb was devastated over the US there is were they declared war. The Soviet Union was the one who helped the Japanese with the world war one, after the atomic bomb was deployed. The Manhattan project helped a lot for the discovery of this atomic bomb and it was top ultra secret that nobody knew. In this website you can see the history of why the discovery of this powerful and lethal arm that they had invented. The Americans declared war with this atomic bomb, and they were the only one that had all of this secret with atomic things.

E-card#5 Source: Subject: The Manhattan Project Keywords: USA, Russia, Atomic bomb, MAD Abstract: The first atomic bomb was exploded at White Sands on July “We knew the world would not be the same. A few people laughed, a few people cried, most people were silent. I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad-Gita. Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and to impress him takes on his multi-armed form and says, "Now, I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds." I suppose we all felt that one way or another. “ J. Robert Oppenheimer A month after the first bomb was tested, two nuclear weapons were exploded over japan, at Hiroshima and Nagasaki The official reason is that it would immediately put end to the war, thus saving the lives of thousands of American servicemen. Soon after the Manhattan Project became a success, The soviet union develpoed their own atomic bomb, with these new weapons they could destroy entire cities and civilization, the atomic arms race and cold war began. First these weapons were attached to bombers but soon space based systems were developed. Since the 1950 there has existed and amout of weaponry on earth great enough to destroy humanity and all its accomplishments. No one has used these weapons against another country since world war 2. This is because of the concept known as (MAD) Mutually Assured Destruction. If the Us were to launch an attack against Russia, the russians would immediately retaliate by launching their missiles, and both countries will be destroyed. This information is really helpful because you can see how other countries after looking of what can the atomic bomb do they start to create them so they can also have the power to defend themselves.

E-card#6 Source: Subject: The Manhattan Project Keywords Abstract On December , the Japanese attacked pearl harbor killing more than 2000 soldiers. America entered world war two General Groves thought that the Project was not going to work. In the chicago university they build the reactor below the football stadium, this helped them look at how the nuclear energy could be controlled. They encountered a problem they had to use Uranium 235 but the only method of separation was electromagnetic separation this separated lighter to heavier atoms and the 235 uranium was heavier than the 238 This will help me understand how does the uranium inside of the bomb works and how do they started to build the bomb, in this documentary I can see in detail what are the difficulties to make the bomb.