Prepared by : Dr. Reem A.Jarra d

Introduction In their daily work nurses deal with events of : birth, death, & suffering. So they will be faced by many ethical issues surrounding those facts.

 Definition : are the beliefs or attitudes about the worth of a person, object, idea or action.  Why are values important?  - Because they influence nursing decisions and actions.

 1- Autonomy : right to self determination  2- Human dignity: respect of inherent worth of individuals.  3-Integrity : working within accepted standards النزاهةand code of ethics: - See table : 4-1, top side of page 53

Definition: is the process by which people identify, examine, and develop their own individual values. -What is its principle? The principle says that no one set of values is right for everyone and that values are freely chosen.

Three phases: 1- Choosing the value ( cognitive part) 2- Prizing the Value ( affective part) 3- Acting upon a value ( behavioural part)

Nurses need to examine the values they are holding about : life, death, health and illness. - A nurse should never impose her own set of values on a client or a client situation.

Seven steps for this process: 1- List alternatives Examine possible consequences' of choices Choose freely 4- Feel good about the choice 5- Affirm the choice 6- Act on choice 7- Act with a pattern consistantly

Definition of ethics: the practices and beliefs of a certain group e.g., nursing ethics and medical Ethics Definition of bioethics : is ethics as applied to human life or health ( e.g. Decisions of abortion or euthanasia)

Refers usually to private, personal standards of what is right or wrong in conduct, attitude and character. - Nurses should differentiate between what is legal and what is moral. - Page 55 examples.

1- Consequence-based theories 2- Principle based theory 3- Relationship based ( caring theories) - Look example on top of page 56.

1- Autonomy 2- Non-maleficence ( no harm principle) 3- Beneficence ( doing good) 4- Justice 5- Fidelity ( keep promises) 6- Veracity ( telling the truth)

 Would be from nursing ethics page 57 to page 64 Thanks for sharing Dr.Reem Jarrad