Unit Target: Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life.

Learning Target: Investigate how a theory develops and may change over time. (skill) Truth or Baloney? Theories never change. Baloney: Theories change as new information becomes available. A Theory is a well tested explanation of observations. Truth

Which scientific explanation has undergone more testing- a hypothesis or a theory? A theory.

EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION Name 3 sources of evidence for evolution discussed in class. The fossil record Anatomical structures Biochemicals such as DNA and amino acids

Learning Target: Describe the key ideas formulated by Charles Darwin Learning Target: Describe the key ideas formulated by Charles Darwin. (reasoning)   What does each letter stand for? V I S T Variation Inheritance Selection Time

Match each of Darwin’s key ideas with a description. VARIATION INHERITANCE SELECTION TIME The passing down of traits. The different characteristics found in a single species. A unit of measurement reflecting generations of offspring. More organisms are produced than can survive due to limited resources so the most fit survive.

Match each of Darwin’s key ideas with an example. One frog has a white belly and one frog has a yellow belly. After many years, the color of the frog population changed from light to dark. The dark colored frogs in the pond were camouflaged so they survived and reproduced. The dark colored frogs passed on their genes to their offspring. VARIATION INHERITANCE SELECTION TIME

Learning Target: Interpret a model evolutionary tree based on the morphology and age of fossils. (skill) What letter represent the oldest common ancestor? F What letter represents the most recent common ancestor of B and C? E

What species is most closely related to ferns, club moss or stonewart What species is most closely related to ferns, club moss or stonewart? -club moss What is the most recent common ancestor for pine trees and diatoms? -Blue Green Algae

About how many years ago (millions) did the gorilla and the gibbon have a common ancestor? -about 15

How are fossil records evidence for evolution? Fossils show changes in species over time. B. Fossils are an example of natural selection. C. Fossils prove the “fitness” of an organism. All of the above. A. By creating evolutionary trees from fossils, scientists can observe the changes that occur in a species over time. Remember- we can determine the age of a fossils through radiometric dating.

Learning Target: Given examples of anatomical structures, determine the type: homologous, analogous or vestigial. (R) Fill in the blank with: homologous, analogous or vestigial. Body parts that share a common function but not structure are called __________________. Body parts in animals that are reduced in size but resemble structures in other organisms are called _________________. Structures that are shared by related species and are inherited by a common ancestor are called _____________________. Analogous Vestigial Homologous

Match the anatomical structure to the correct example. There are 7 vertebra in the neck of a giraffe and the neck of a human. (similar structures and common ancestor-mammals) The jointed leg of an insect and the jointed leg of a cow. (Insects and cows do not share a common ancestor) Pelvis and limb bones in a snake. (structures are not functional) Homologous structure Analogous structure Vestigial structure

How do anatomical structures provide evidence for evolution? They may show evidence of common ancestry. They may explain why a structure that is not functional is present in an organism. All structures of all organisms are basically the same. Both A and B are correct. D.

Target: Analyze amino acids sequences for common patterns among organisms. (skill) The table shows how many differences there are in the enzyme Cytochrome c in other species compared to humans. Which species is most like a human in this manner? Chimpanzee Which species is least like a human? Red bread mold.

How can biochemicals provide evidence for evolution. A How can biochemicals provide evidence for evolution? A. All living things are basically formed of the same chemicals. B. All living can produce complex chemicals necessary for life. C. All living things inherit genes (biochemicals) from their parents. D. All of the above. D.

Learning Target: Evaluate current evolutionary studies involving molecular biology. (reasoning) Truth or Baloney: DNA is a code. Truth If we learn the DNA code for each organism we will be able to determine if species are related. If we learn how species are genetically related we can also learn more about how they evolved.

Which of the following is a concern that may arise from synthetically manufactured living things. They could be used for vaccine production. They could be used to produce clean fuel. They could be used in biological warfare. They could be used to make drugs to treat diseases such as malaria. C.

VARIATION

Learning Target: Identify the key issues in a model of artificial selection. (reasoning) Circle the word that best completes the sentence. Artificial selection is the process by which (humans / nature ) select(s) which traits will be passed down to offspring.

Match each of Darwin’s key ideas to an artificial selection example. Variation Inheritance Selection Time The botanist chose the two types of apples he wanted to cross breed. It took 5 growing seasons to produce a large, yellow, tart baking apple There are many different types of apples. The combination of two apple tree varieties will produce genetically different offspring.

How did artificial selection help Darwin explain evolution? If species changed over time through artificial selection than species could change over time in the natural world. Artificial selection proved that species do not change over time. Artificial selection showed that people should not interfere with nature. Artificial selection did not help Darwin explain evolution. A.

NATURAL SELECTION AND ADAPTATION

Define key terms associate with natural selection. (knowledge) Circle the word that best completes each sentence. In natural selection, ( humans / nature ) choose(s) which species will survive and reproduce.

Truth or Baloney. Adaptations must be inherited Truth or Baloney? Adaptations must be inherited. Truth Adaptations prevent a species from surviving and reproducing. Baloney. Adaptations allow a species to survive and reproduce.

Which of the following are examples of fitness? Wolves have powerful jaws and sharp teeth for hunting prey. Wolves live in packs which helps them hunt their prey. The white rabbit is camouflaged in the snow making it difficult for wolves to see them. The rabbit is quick and agile making them difficult to catch. All are example of fitness because all of the examples explain why an organisms is suited to its environment making it more likely to survive and reproduce.

Circle the best answer. Natural selection acts on ( acquired / inherited ) traits. Natural selection refers to the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce- therefore, offspring inherit the parents traits. Acquired traits refer to a trait that is not dependant upon inheritance but is usually affected by the environment. We discussed this during genetics. You may inherit the ability to speak but you acquire the ability to speak English because you live with a family that speaks English.

Learning Target: Determine the conditions under which natural selection occurs. (reasoning) Which of the following is not an example of natural selection? The birds with the beaks that were most suited to eating beans survived and reproduced. The beans that were most difficult for the birds to eat survived and reproduced. The puppies that were highly trainable and fast were bred to produce offspring that would be able to retrieve birds for hunting. The dark colored pocket mouse which lives on the dark colored lava flow is camouflaged from the owl so dark colored pocket mice are more likely to survive and reproduce than white colored pocket mice. C. This is an example of artificial selection.

How was “Survival of the Fittest” modeled in the “Natural Selection Lab” performed in class? The beans that were most difficult to pick up were unable to reproduce. All of the beans survived and reproduced at equal rates. The birds with the beaks most suited to picking up beans survived and reproduced. All of the above. C. “Survival of the fittest” is the ability of an organisms to survive and reproduce because it is suited or “fit” for its environment.

Truth or Baloney? An organism that inherits traits suited to its environment will show decreased fitness. Baloney. Inheriting traits suited to the environment will increase fitness.

Natural selection drives evolution because it results in species changing over time. it prevents species from changing over time. natural selection is a car and evolution is a passenger. Natural selection does not drive evolution. A.