The US between the World Wars Goal 9 The US between the World Wars

9.01 Elaborate on the cycle of economic boom and bust in the 1920’s and 1930’s

The Impact of Presidential policies on economic activity --Harding, Coolidge, Hoover, and Roosevelt

Warren Harding “Return to Normalcy”-Republican elected in 1920; promised to return to America peacetime Teapot Dome Scandal- Harding’s Sec. of Interior Albert Fall arrested for leasing gov. owned oil fields to private business

Calvin Coolidge “business of America is business” Laissez-faire; government will stay out of the affairs of business Hawley Smoot Tariff- large protective tariff

Herbert Hoover President when depression begins Thought depression would fix itself Rugged Individualism- people take care of their own family everything would be okay; no need for government handouts

Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) Direct Relief to help people during Great Depression Relief, Recovery, Reform FDR’s government programs of giving food and money known as “New Deal”

Rise and decline of major industries in the United States

Mechanization Jobs were lost to machines Production of durable goods such as cars and washing machines increases Unemployment increases and a surplus of goods is created

Factors leading to Stock Market crash and the Great Depression

1. Overproduction Main cause Surplus = lower sale price Lower sale price = lower profit Lower profit = inability to pay workers Inability to pay workers = unemployment

2. Speculation Buying large quantities of stocks hoping the price will go up and you can turn a quick profit

3. Buying on Margin Borrowing money from a stockbroker to buy stock with hopes to make a profit to pay back the broker The broker can make a “margin call” for their money to be repaid

4. Easy Credit Buy now pay later Installment buying…getting the product and making payments (car) People begin to spend money on debt and can’t buy any new products

5. Lack of Foreign Trade WWI; Treaty of Versailles hurts Europe’s ability for foreign trade Hawley Smoot tariff

6. Unequal Distribution of Wealth Small percent of people control large percent of the money Large gap between rich and poor

Black Tuesday Oct 29, 1929 Stock Market crashes Over $3 Billion lost Triggers the Great Depression

Analyze life during the Great Depression 9.02 / 9.03 Analyze significant social, intellectual, and technological changes in the US Analyze life during the Great Depression

The Impact of Mass Media

Radio TV of that generation Allowed people to listen to programming Allowed people to hear news Allowed people to hear advertisement

Advertising Created a “need” for products such as deodorants, soap, etc. Used celebrities to endorse products

Jazz New music of the era Derived from the African-American community Duke Ellington

Films Silent Movies Charlie Chaplin First “talkie” was The Jazz Singer

Lost Generation Group of artists that didn’t fit into society after WWI F Scott Fitzgerald- The Great Gatsby: about materialism of the 20s Ernest Hemingway- A Farewell to Arms: talked about the meaningless of war

The Harlem Renaissance

Harlem Renaissance Flowering of African American art, music, and literature Expressed cultural pride and discontent with racism in America

Langston Hughes Major black writer of the Harlem Renaissance

Louie Armstrong Famous Jazz musician of the Harlem Renaissance

Prohibition

Organized Crime 18th Amendment prohibit alcohol Competition for control of the illegal liquor trade Gangsters such as Al Capone

Speakeasies Illegal bars that served alcohol Bootleggers- people that illegally produced alcohol

Leisure Time and Spectator Sports

Babe Ruth Sultan of Swat; King of Swing Famous baseball player; most famous athlete of the 20s Comparable to Michael Jordan or Tiger Woods of today’s era

Charles Lindberg 1st to fly solo across the Atlantic New York to Paris 33 1/2 hours “Lucky Lindy” Plane: The Spirit of St. Louis

Life During the Depression No unemployment or welfare Homeless built shantytowns such as this one. They referred to these homeless areas as “Hoovervilles.”

Breadlines Many had to stand in breadlines such as this one to receive their only meal of the day

Soup Kitchens Many went to soup kitchens to get their only meal

Problems of Prosperity Farmers do not enjoy prosperity. Farm prices drop while the cost of farming increases. People are getting rich by speculating and buying on the margin. People also acquire consumer goods through installment plans (credit)

The Dust Bowl Farmers continue to suffer. Prices continue to drop and a severe drought in the mid 1930’s crushed the farm industry. Many farmers leave the midwest and head to farms on the east and west coasts. Okies

The Bonus Army Many WWI vets demanded their retirement pensions early Vets march on Washington Hoover locks himself in his office

Fireside Chats FDR uses the radio to communicate with America about getting out of the depression Weekly broadcast “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”

9.04 Describe challenges to traditional practices in religion, race, and gender

Back to Africa Marcus Garvey Founded the UNIA Unsuccessful Garvey was found guilty of embezzlement and was deported

Fundamentalism Belief that The Bible is literal and should be seen and taught as such Prevailing idea in the rural south

Scopes Trial Dayton, TN passed a law prohibiting the teaching of evolution John T. Scopes was arrested for teaching evolution Case focused more on evolution or creationism instead of guilt or innocence

Billy Sunday Evangelical preacher Fundamentalist Anti-communist

Changing role of Women Flapper: new woman of the 20s Promiscuous, smoke, drank alcohol Margaret Sanger: began planned parenthood and abortion clinic

9.05 Assess the impact of the New Deal reforms in enlarging the role of the federal government.

New Deal Social Securtiy-pensions for the elderly FDIC-protected depositors’ money in the bank SEC-regulated trading on stock market PWA-built schools, hospitals, roads, dams-----public works CCC-gave young men jobs in parks

New Deal-cont. AAA-paid farmers not to grow crops TVA-built dams in the Appalachian region WPA-created work: blue collar workers

3 R’s Relief-give out money Recovery-help economy recover Reform-take measures to prevent a crash from happening

Critics of New Deal Father Charles Coughlin-redistribution of wealth Dr. Francis Townsend-early retirement Huey Long-Share our Wealth; Robin Hood idea of take from reach and give to the poor

More FDR Frances Perkins-first female to the cabinet Brain Trust Elected 4 times Attempts to expand size of Supreme Court