Global Cooperation on Earth Observations: GEOSS Challenges and Asia-Pacific Activities September 2004 IGOL Theme Team Meeting Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

1.Way to GEOSS 2.JAXA Earth Observation Satellite Program for GEOSS A Long Term Plan Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) ADEOS-II Follow-on Mission (GCOM) 3.Capacity Building and International Cooperation CEOP APRSAF AIT Seminar Pilot Projects in Asia-pacific Region 4.Summary Contents

3 Way to GEOSS The Framework Document set out the nine topics on which there was agreement that clear societal benefits could be derived from a coordinated global observation system. Nine Societal Benefit Topics 1.Disasters 2.Health 3.Energy 4.Climate 5.Water Cycle 6.Weather 7.Ecosystems 8.Agriculture 9.Biodiversity

4 JAXA Earth Observation Program for GEOSS 1330 A plan of advanced low Earth orbit satellites To develop advanced low Earth orbit satellites →to aim cutting edge system and mutual complementary system to the operational system such as WWW, NPOESS GCOM-W GOSAT CPR/EarthCARE Sea surface wind vector Scatterometer, AMSR F/O (GCOM-W) SST AMSR F/O (GCOM-W) Cloud structure Cloud Profiling Radar (EarthCARE) AerosolGLI F/O (GCOM-C) CO 2 concentration Greenhouse Gas Observation Sensor (GOSAT) PrecipitationDual-frequency Precipitation Radar (GPM) Disaster monitoring SAR/disaster monitoring satellites, Optical Sensor/ Geo-stationary EO satellite To develop and operate an Earth Observation Network for GEOSS GCOM-C With NASA With ESA DPR/GPM With NASA Optical Sensor/ Geo-stationary EO satellite SAR/disaster monitoring satellites

5 A Long Term Plan of JAXA Earth Observation for GEOSS JFY ~ Disaster Monitoring & Resource Management [Optical Sensor] MOS-1, ADEOS (87~95) (96~97) [Optical & SAR] JERS-1 (92~98) Global Warming & Global Water Cycle Observation Water Cycle Observation [Precipitation Radar] TRMM/PR (97~) [Microwave Sensor] MOS-1 (87~95) Climate Change Observation [Optical Sensor] MOS-1, ADEOS (87~95) (96~97) [Cloud Radar] Greenhouse Gas Observation [Spectrometer] ADEOS/ILAS (96~97) * Note: This chart includes NOT authorized plan Series satellites Operation Period After Operation Period ALOS Legend Symbol Geo-Stationary Earth Observation Mission Disaster Monitoring constellation Mission GPM/DPR ADEOS-II/AMSR Aqua/AMSR-E ADEOS-II/GLI GCOM-W GCOM-C ADEOS-II/ILAS-II EarthCARE GOSAT

6 Advanced Land Observing Satellite (1) ALOS © JAXA Main Characteristics Mass : 3.9 tons Orbit : Sun-synchronous Subrecurrent Altitude : 800km Launch target : JFY 2004 Mission life : 5 years Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 (JERS-1) Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) ALOS Disaster monitoring Cartography Regional observation Resource surveying To address global warming Enhanced land-observation technology © JAXA

7 Advanced Land Observing Satellite (2) Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVNIR-2) Observe land surface cover and land use Observing Sensors Panchromatic Remote sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM) 2.5m spatial resolution Collect enough data for mapping on a scale of to 1 Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) Day-and-night, all-weather land and ice sheet observation Joint project by JAXA and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) © JAXA

8 Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite Main Characteristics Mass : About 1.65 tons Orbit : Sun-synchronous subrecurrent orbit (Inclined : about 98deg) Altitude : About 666 km Launch target : JFY 2007 Number and distribution of ground-based CO2 monitoring stations is not enough. Satellite data from global and frequent observation is needed. Distribution of ground-based greenhouse gases observing stations (Provided by NIES) ~’91 ’92~ Observing Station GOSAT © JAXA Objectives To precisely observe the distribution of the concentration of carbon dioxide and to confirm both the amounts and the area of CO2 sources and sinks. To observe the distribution of the concentration of greenhouse gases other than CO2, such as methane (CH4), in order to understand global warming more precisely.

9 Global Precipitation Mission The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) is a follow-on and expanded mission of the current on-going Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and mainly initiated by JAXA, the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) and NASA.  Help researched analyze the mechanism of water cycle  Improve the accuracy of both long-term and short-term weather forecasts  Improve water resource management in river control and irrigation systems for agriculture Core Satellite Dual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR) Microwave radiometer (GMI) Precipitation with high precision Discrimination between rain and snow Constellation Satellites Microwave radiometer Global precipitation every three hours Core Satellite Constellation Satellites TRMM Era GPM Era

10 ADEOS-II Follow-on Mission (GCOM)  JAXA will propose a series of satellites for establishing GEOSS mainly focused on observations of global warming, water cycle and disaster. –The series of satellites, GCOM (Global Climate Observation Mission), consist of 2 satellite series: u The sea surface observation mission, so called GCOM-W, will have AMSR F/O and scatterometer. u The atmospheric and terrestrial observation mission, so called GCOM-C, will have GLI F/O. –Each satellite series will have 3 satellites with 5 years mission life to exceed 11 years which is a nominal period of solar cycle and is the longest period of climate change. The series totally covers 13 years overlapping 2 years.

11 Capacity Building & Int’l Cooperation CEOP ( Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period ) CEOP Reference sites for ground-based water cycle data CEOP is built as the foundation of WCRP in cooperation with the WMO and CEOS under the framework of IGOS-P. CEOP seeks to establish an integrated global observing system for the water cycle which responds to both scientific and social needs.

12  Established in 1993  Objective : to enhance the development of each country’s space program and to exchange views toward the future cooperation in space activities in the Asia-Pacific region Capacity Building & Int’l Cooperation The Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum (APRSAF) APRSAF is an annual meeting initiated jointly by MEXT/JAXA, and a co- host country to discuss current space-related issues faced by member countries. [Members] 26 countries (Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Cambodia, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, U.S.A, Viet Nam) + 8 International Organizations APRSAF Earth Observation WG Communication Satellite Applications, Space Environment WG Space Environment Utilization WG Space Education and Awareness WG

13  Training sessions on the basic technology and integration with satellite data and GIS is held at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) for promoting utilization efficiency of JAXA satellite data and for solving environmental problems in the Asia-Pacific region. Capacity Building & Int’l Cooperation AIT Seminar Training Program on Potential and Application of Microwave Remote Sensing (Advanced Training Course) Remote Sensing and GIS for Urban Land Use Planning for Flood Mitigation Moderate Resolution Satellite Data for Environment Planning & Management“ Training Program on" Application of Moderate Resolution Satellite Data for Environment Planning & Management" Examples of sessions

14 JAXA Data Training and Technical Assistant Support for Analysis Methodology Consultation and Review Pilot Project Planning in Thailand ＧＩＳＴＤＡ ALOS data introduction Processing, Analysis and Interpretation of ALOS data Composition of other information and ALOS data Operational Use of ALOS data for Land Management by The Government of Thailand Agreement Cooperation Department of Public Works and Town Planning (DTP) Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives ・ DEM Generation ・ Detection of Change Area ・ Extraction of City Area ・ Digital Mapping ・ Land Utilization Mapping Roles of JAXA Roles of Participant ‐ GOAL ‐ Expecting Outcomes ・ Contribute to Town and Country Development Policy ・ Governmental use for Land Management Application ・ Promotion of Japanese Earth Observation Satellite Capacity Building & Int’l Cooperation Participating Agency Thailand ALOS

15 Summary 1. For the success of GEOSS, interoperability among each system is mandatory. 2. The Framework Document set out the nine Societal Benefit topics. JAXA will propose a series of satellites for establishing GEOSS mainly focused on observations of global warming, water cycle and disaster. 3. CEOP seeks to establish an integrated global observing system for the water cycle which responds to both scientific and social needs. 4. Several pilot projects in Asia -Pacific region is on-going, such as APRSAF, AIT seminar and ALOS data using projects in Thailand.