1. 15-18 October 2002 Greenville, North Carolina Global Terrestrial Observing System GTOS Jeff Tschirley Programme director

2. Outline u GTOS programme:  Terrestrial climate observations  Terrestrial carbon observations  Forest and land cover dynamics  Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring Sites u Challenges

3. GTOS programme u Facilitates access to information on terrestrial ecosystems u Seeks to detect, understand and manage change u Collaborates with researchers and policy makers u Works with countries toward development of global and continental / regional products Mission

4. u Changes in land quality u Availability of freshwater resources u Loss of biodiversity u Climate change u Pollution and toxicity GTOS programme Key issues

5. GTOS programme u Produce validated data and information products with known accuracies u Stimulate advances in the assembly, use, management and exchange of large terrestrial datasets u Promote common data processing standards and interpretation methods u Support systems that provide both research and operational information on a regular and sustained basis u Strengthen links between satellite and in situ data; in particular the international conventions u Identify gaps and overlaps in current and planned earth observation programs; find ways to resolve them Characteristics of activities

6. GTOS programme Structure

7. u How is the global climate system changing? u What are the primary factors forcing the climate system? Terrestrial climate observations TOPC science questions

8. Technical training u Defining terrestrial observations and methods to:  Characterize current climate  Determine rate and causes of change  Forcing and feedbacks from changing GHG concentrations u Predictive, use in assimilation models:  What to observe, when, where and at what accuracy  Generating products to understand and predict climate processes u Reporting to UNFCCC on adequacy of global observing systems (terrestrial component) Observations and modelling Terrestrial climate observations

9. Terrestrial carbon observations An IGOS initiative with the following objectives u 2005: estimate annual net land-atmosphere fluxes at a sub-continental scale with a 30% accuracy globally and spatial resolution (10 6 km 2 regionally) u 2008: improve accuracy (20%) and spatial resolution (10 6 km 2 globally) u Produce sink/source maps with the highest spatial resolution enabled by the available satellite- derived and other input products (~ 1 km 2 or less)

10. Terrestrial carbon observations An IGOS initiative led by GTOS u 2005: estimate annual net land-atmosphere fluxes at a sub-continental scale with a 30% accuracy globally and a regional scale (10 6 km 2 ) u 2008: improve spatial resolution (10 6 km 2 globally) and accuracy (20%) u Produce sink/source maps with the highest spatial resolution enabled by the available satellite- derived and other input products (~ 1 km 2 or less)

11. Terrestrial carbon observations Principles u Hierarchy of spatial scales u Dual-constraint approach u Predictions are compared to estimates made from observations u Estimate regional fluxes and uncertainties

12. Terrestrial carbon observations Key observation requirements u Satellite: land cover and use, biomass, leaf area, fires, solar radiation, atmospheric column (CO 2, CH 4 ) u Atmospheric: near surface GHG concentration, surface fluxes u In Situ : Carbon pools and changes

13. Forest and land cover dynamics u Forest and land cover characteristics and change u Fire monitoring and mapping u Biophysical processes GOFC-GOLD teams

14. Forest and land cover dynamics u Operational forest and land cover monitoring system u Improved satellite and in situ validation u Strengthening regional networks  Central and southern Africa  Southeast Asia  Boreal zones Next steps

15. Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring Sites Who, what, where Web directory of 1,600 sites and 55 networks in 110 countries that carry out long-term terrestrial ecosystem monitoring of 110 variables http://www.fao.org/gtos/tems

18. Global observation networks u Build international collaboration u Improve communication : scientific and with decision-making community Key challenges Current networks u Hydrology, Glaciers, Permafrost, Mountains

19. Challenges u Build strong, effective groups to secure support for operational terrestrial monitoring (satellite and in situ ) systems as already exist for oceans and the atmosphere u Enhance the collection and use of data, moving from supply to demand-driven systems u Define the terrestrial observational requirements jointly with the user community u Design and implement observation and information systems with measurements of known accuracy and quality to demonstrate what is needed and why it is worth doing Terrestrial science community

20. Questions and answers GTOS Secretariat www.fao.org/gtos gtos@fao.org tel: +39 06 5705-2565 fax: +39 06 5705-3369