Application of Integrated Methodology Multicriteria Building Energy Analysis using Models of Dynamic Energy Simulation Unique Perspectives in bioclimatic upgrade of existing buildings

1. Dynamic simulation models Dynamic simulation of the building, based on the hourly fluctuations of the external climatic conditions, as well as the internal operating conditions and the design criteria Maximum accuracy of results, as the building simulation with hourly calculation step approximates the actual operation of the building Optimal design of the building, taking into account both thermal comfort and energy consumption for maximum energy savings under the desired conditions Dynamic Models: CFD, Building Energy Simulation

1.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics Maximum precision in conditions of urban space (temperature, wind speed and direction, etc.) ENVI-Met: CFD open spaces simulation model to predict the spatial and temporal distribution of bioclimatic parameters

1.2 BES - Building Energy Simulation Detailed modeling of the building and its parameters (geometry, construction, internal conditions, ventilation, HVAC system, etc.) Maximum accuracy in the energy performance of the building through the use of dynamic models EnergyPlus: BES Building Energy Simulation Model approved by BESTEST and DOE

1.3 Combination of Models CFD – BES Accurate simulation of the building and the microclimate, under realistic conditions: Accuracy in the parameters of open space (temperature, wind speed, etc.). Accuracy in the operating parameters of the building (detailed user profiles, hours of operation, internal conditions, etc.) Detailed and reliable calculations with the precision provided by the hourly method Complete and reliable results for energy consumption overall and by category

1.4 Diagrammatic representation of the methodology

2. GCAD Model– EnergyPlus

2.1 Design Model GCAD Friendly design environment (AutoCAD-like Interface & full compatibility with DWG) Capability to import ΒΙΜ Building files (from Revit, Archicad, All plan, IDEA, FINE ect.) 3D BIM Smart Model (building composed of smart building objects) Properties Attribution (definition of zones, NHS, shading from adjacent buildings etc.)

2.2 EnergyPlus Computational Model Computational program for dynamic building simulation Supervision of input data (climatic data and building parameters) Accurate dynamic calculations using hourly step Detailed results of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions

2.3 Combined Operation GCAD - EnergyPlus Easy insertion of the building through the GCAD designer (Construction of building, definition of zones, NHS, Introduction of shadings etc.) Automatic extraction of building elements in .IDF files to import in the EnergyPlus program Climatological data file .EPW Flexibility in the definition and conversion of the building's operating parameters (user profiles, heating-cooling systems, etc.). Detailed results of the energy consumption of the building Ease in solving alternative upgrade scenarios Possibility of optimization through Multicriteria Energy Analysis Model

3. Selected Buildings

3.1 27th Primary Schools of Piraeus 2-storey building, construction in 1987 Operating until 16.15 Central heating boiler Partial cooling with air conditioning units Energy Class Annual Consumption of primary energy (KWh/m2) Zone C 256,5 Offices 68,6 Education

3.2 1st Secondary School - High School of Piraeus 6-storey building, construction in 1967 Operating until 18.00 Central heating boiler Partial cooling with air conditioning units Energy Class Annual Consumption of primary energy (KWh/m2) Zone E 451,4 Offices D 117,4 Education 269,1 Gathering Place

Annual Consumption of primary energy (KWh/m2) 3.3 Kallergi Building 4-storey Building Different Uses: Center for elderly citizens Offices Gym Guest House ect. Heating-Cooling with air conditioning units Energy Class Annual Consumption of primary energy (KWh/m2) Zone C 301,7 Offices 758,6 Temporary Stay D 976,6 Gathering Place 535,9 Health and Social Welfare

3.3 Kallergi Building

3.3 Kallergi Building

3.3 Kallergi Building

4. Multicriteria Energy Analysis Model (MCDA) Assessment Scenarios with multiple criteria - Selection of the optimal solution

4.1 Steps of the Multicriteria Analysis Methodology Definition of Alternative scenarios / options Definition of Criteria (objectives/criteria) Performances Board of Scenarios in terms of criteria and objectives from the Results of the BES Model Reduction of the scoreboard on a scale 0-1 (utility matrix) Definition of weighting factors from the decision maker Final rating of Scenarios (total utility) taking into account the weighting factors for the final classification (ranking)

4.2 Multicriteria Analysis Decision Criteria Retrofit cost in € Depreciation period in years Total annual energy consumption in KWh/m²/year or MJ/m²/year Annual energy consumption of heating systems in KWh/m²/year or MJ/m²/year Annual energy consumption of cooling systems in KWh/m²/year or MJ/m²/year Total annual CO2 emissions in kg/m²/year % Participation of renewable energy sources

5. 4M Workshop Practical application of the methodology in a simple example from the beginning (introduction of the building model) until the end (selection of the optimal upgrade scenario)

5.1 Workshop Content The steps we will follow in the framework of the practical application : Design ground floor residence in GCAD program (import 3D BIM model building, Definition of zone, adjacent buildings, etc.) Automatic conversion to .IDF file (command ‘makeidf’) Reading the.IDF file with the EnergyPlus program Insertion of the climatological file in the EnergyPlus program Definition of building operation parameters (user profiles, lighting components, heating and cooling systems, etc.) Solving and production of results Study of alternative upgrade scenarios Selection of the optimal scenario through the Multicriteria Energy Analysis Model