Drawing the Line: How Architects Can Improve School Safety & Security Allen Lawrence, RCDD/NTS CEFPI Southern Region Conference April 16, 2011

Agenda Why are we here today Communicating with the architect Architects and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Closing Thoughts

Why are we here today?

Why are we here today? Because none of us are perfect Increase our awareness of the relationship between building design & safety/security Improve our collaboration between the owner, the architect (and law enforcement) Develop the “question everything” attitude Maintain the balance

Communicating with the architect What are your priorities as a District for school safety during the design phase? What are theirs? Use of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)

Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance: “Consists of increasing visibility within and around a facility by encouraging its legitimate occupants and observers to increase their observation, detection and reporting of trespassers and misconduct.” Dr. Randy Atlas, 21st Century CPTED

Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control: “Intended to deny access to crime targets and to create a perception of risk to offenders.” Dr. Randy Atlas, 21st Century CPTED 7

Architects and CPTED Territorial Reinforcement: “…is about establishing a sense of ownership by building owners and occupants to increase vigilance in identifying trespassers and sending the message that a would-be-offender will be identified and challenged.” Dr. Randy Atlas, 21st Century CPTED 8

Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance Windows for staff observation Glazing, tinting, ballistics Protection from smash and grab Observation of entrance and parking areas 9

Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance Interior Surveillance – Direct Line of Sight (LOS) Hallways Reduce Blind Corners – Mirrors Stairwells – Align with hallway traffic flow

Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance Barriers Windows in the sun Vegetation Structural columns Recessed classroom door entrances Hiding areas and blind corners Vestibules with hidden doors Other buildings 11

Vegetation will one day inhibit surveillance Architects and CPTED Vegetation will one day inhibit surveillance 12

Surveillance and safety challenges Architects and CPTED Surveillance and safety challenges 13

Natural Surveillance – columns Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance – columns 14

Natural Surveillance – blind corner Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance – blind corner 15

Natural Surveillance - columns Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance - columns 16

What Natural Surveillance? Architects and CPTED What Natural Surveillance? 17

Vegetation and Natural Surveillance Architects and CPTED Vegetation and Natural Surveillance 18

Natural surveillance and solid walls Architects and CPTED Natural surveillance and solid walls 19

Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control Fencing serves multiple purposes Directs the visitors, Separates wildlife from students Defines the transition from school to public property Avoid the use of solid walls Sidewalks – how far do you go?

Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control Driveways and traffic calming Reinforced planters, barriers, bollards Proper vegetation Exterior doors 21

Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control Controlled Vestibules Maintain direct surveillance Transaction window & acoustics Bathroom Entrances – S entrance Classroom Doors – locking from the inside and windows near the handles 22

Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control Lay in ceilings in restrooms as a hiding place for drugs and weapons How many ways can we get to the roof Athletic Events How do we separate fans during and following the activity? 23

Natural Access Control - Roof Access Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Roof Access 24

Natural Access Control - Climbing Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Climbing 25

Controlled Vestibules reception Vestibule Controlled Vestibules 26

Controlled Vestibules 27

Natural Access Control Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control 28

Natural Access Control and Surveillance Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control and Surveillance 29

Natural Access Control - Sidewalk Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Sidewalk 30

Natural Access Control - Driveways Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways 31

Natural Access Control - Driveways Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways 32

Natural Access Control - Driveways Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways 33

Natural Access Control - Driveways Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways 34

Natural Access Control - Driveways Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways 35

Natural Access Control - Driveways Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways 36

Natural Access Control - Driveways Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways 37

Natural Access Control - Safety Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Safety 38

Natural Access Control - Safety Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Safety 39

Natural Surveillance and Access Control Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance and Access Control 40

Natural Surveillance and Access Control Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance and Access Control 41

Natural Access Control Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control 42

Natural Access Control Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control 43

Architects and CPTED Territorial Reinforcement Passive Barriers Natural Landscaping Elevation changes Fencing Clear and Concise Signage Maintain it 44

Territoriality Fencing Architects and CPTED Territoriality Fencing 45

Clear and Concise Signage Architects and CPTED Clear and Concise Signage 46

Territoriality must be maintained Architects and CPTED Territoriality must be maintained 47

Architects and CPTED Some additional things to consider: Designating “shelter in place” areas into the architecture. Weather use - hallways for shelter, no gyms or cafeterias – glass, high walls. Designate visitor parking in clear view of the front office. Office location – “Schneider Scale” Target hardening practices 48

Architects and CPTED Some additional things to consider: CATE – banks and child care Avoid computer labs on exterior walls First responder radio interference Where is the custodian office in relationship to the exterior doors/dumpsters? (for planning access control) How many ways can the nurse get out of the clinic? 49

Closing Thoughts It starts with the right team - Architect, School District Administration, Structural, Civil, Law Enforcement City officials – local codes (landscaping) Include post occupancy evaluations focused on CPTED, Safety, Security during the one year warranty check 50

Closing Thoughts Mandatory rough-in for security at all exterior doors Think outside the box - motions above restrooms? Balance – it is a school not a fortress Remember – question everything 51

YOU SURVIVED THIS PRESENTATION… The Happy Slide Allen Lawrence, RCDD/NTS Ph: 817-377-2969 alawrence@huckabee-inc.com CONGRATULATIONS! YOU SURVIVED THIS PRESENTATION…