Chapter 5 Africa Analyze the importance of family and labor specialization in the development of states and cities in West Africa.

Family Kinship- a connection among people by blood, marriage, or adoption. Clan- a set of kinship groups with a common ancestor.

Work Men took care of large animals, farmed, and built houses. Women prepared food, cared for the children, and brought water to the village. Labor specialization- the doing of specific types of work by trained or knowledgeable workers.

Who would be in your kinship. Who would be in your clan Who would be in your kinship? Who would be in your clan? What would your labor specialty be?

Describe the importance of oral traditions in the transmission of African history and culture.

Griots Griots- an official storyteller. Griots would pass on their history, cultural values, and spiritual forces or religious rituals. Africans had no written language for a long time so the only way stories were passed down was by the griots.

Explain the relationship between the Niger River and the vegetation zones of forest, savannah, and desert to trade in gold, salt, and food.

Vegetation zones Vegetation zones- regions that have certain types of plants.

Sahara Desert Sahara- the northern section of West Africa, a large desert.

Sahara Desert Has rich deposits of salt.

Savannah Savannah- middle section of West Africa, is named for grassland in a tropical region. Savannah has crops like millet.

Rain Forest Rain Forest had lots of gold. All three zones have goods to trade. This is the start of the trans-Sahara trade. Trans means across. Trading across the Sahara.

Niger River Helped move all the trade across Africa. Ghana and Mali became rich from taxing trade.

Explain the relationship between the Niger River and the vegetation zones of forest, savannah, and desert to trade in gold, salt, food.

Analyze the geographic, political, and the religion of Ghana and Mali in Medieval Africa.

Ghana Called their king Ghana. Eventually the region itself came to be known as Ghana. Built on controlling the controlling the trade of gold and salt within its borders.

Ghana Geography Between the Sahara and rain forest. Close to the Niger and Senegal Rivers. Between the Sahara and rain forest. Close to the Niger and Senegal Rivers. Political Had a king that taxed traders and used the money to conquer surrounding lands. Religion African’s had ancient traditions and folk tales. Berbers were traders that came from North Africa. They practiced Islam. They brought there religion and written language to Africa. Some kings converted to Islam.

Fall of Ghana Ghana’s king and upper class converted to Islam but still practice some aspects of their traditional religion. Almoravids were camel herders that wanted wealth and wanted other Muslims to practice their version of Islam.

Mali Formed by the Malinke people. Lead by a great chief named Sundiata. Captured capital of Ghana. Established Timbuktu as the capital. Became a famous center of Islamic scholarship.

Mali Geography Capital at the top of the Niger river between the desert and the savannah. Political Strong Kings that Sundiata Mansa Musa: which means King Moses Devoted Muslim but allowed others to practice their religion. Went on a famous pilgramage to Mecca with 12,000 slaves, 80 camels, and 300 pounds of gold. Lead to the increase of trade. Religion A mix of tradition and Islam, which lead to a increase of knowledge. Religious scholars taught history, law, poetry, and theology.

Analyze the geographic, political, and the religion of Ghana and Mali in Medieval Africa.

Trace the growth of the Arabic language and the Islamic religion in government, trade, and Islamic scholarship in West Africa.

Trace the growth of the Arabic language in government, trade, and Islamic scholarship in West Africa.

1 Kinship- a connection among people by blood, marriage, or adoption. Clan- kinship groups with a common ancestors form a larger group. Labor specialization- when people in a community focus on specific types of work. Griots- the story teller.

2 Vegetation zones- regions that have certain types of plants. Sahara- the northern section of West Africa, a large desert. Savannah- middle section of West Africa, is named for grassland in a tropical region. Niger River Ghana- African word for king; eventually the region came to be known as that as well Almoravids- came to power in North Africa during the 11th century and over throw the Ghana empire.

3 Mali- empire formed in the southern area of what had been Ghana’s empire. Sundiata- a great chief of the Malinke empire. Timbuktu- a great city that Sundiata devolved and became the capital of the Mali Empire.

Analyze the importance of family, labor specialization, and regional commerce in the development of states and cities in West Africa.

Study the Niger River and the relationship of vegetation zones of forest, savannah, and desert to trade in gold, salt, food, and slaves; and the growth of the Ghana and Mali empires.

Describe the role of the trans-Saharan caravan trade in the changing religious and cultural characteristics of West Africa and the influence of Islamic beliefs, ethics, and law.

Describe the importance of written and oral traditions in the transmission of African history and culture.