The Age of Jackson Unit 4 Chapters 13-16

New Democracy Pages Rise of the Common Man –Causes / Consequences Election of 1824 –Clay-Adams Bargain? John Quincy Adams –Views –Actions –Issues

Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King” Andrew? OR

Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

Voter Turnout:

Why Increased Democratization? 3 White male suffrage increased 3 Party nominating committees. 3 Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors. 3 Spoils system. 3 Rise of Third Parties. 3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) 3 Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:  Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854)  Democrats (1828)

The “ Common Man ’ s ” Presidential Candidate

Jackson ’ s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay [KY] John Quincy Adams [MA] John C. Calhoun [SC] William H. Crawford [GA]

Results of the 1824 Election A “ Corrupt Bargain? ”

John Quincy Adams Pros –Great Sec of State –Nationalist above party politics Advocates internal improvements (roads, canals, universities, etc) Advocates Indian negotiations NOT POPULAR PROGRAMS Tariff of 1828 –Lose / Lose for Adams

Jacksonian Revolution of 1828 Pages Election of 1828 –Political revolution? Andrew Jackson –Ideas –Spoils System –“Petticoat War” Impacts Union or the rights of states?

Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree

Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

1828 Election Results

The Center of Population in the Country Moves WEST

The New “ Jackson Coalition ”  The Planter Elite in the South  People on the Frontier  State Politicians – spoils system  Immigrants in the cities.

Jackson ’ s Faith in the “ Common Man ” IIIIntense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. HHHHis heart & soul was with the “plain folk.” BBBBelief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

The Reign of “ King Mob ”

Andrew Jackson as President

The “ Peggy Eaton Affair ”

The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster [MA] Sen. Robert Hayne [SC]

Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

Nullification / Battle for the Bank Pages Appeasement of South Carolina? –Issues and legacy Recharter Bill of 1832 –Political football (Clay vs. Jackson) –Nicholas Biddle Election of 1832 –Candidates –Firsts Death of the Bank –Pet Banks –Hard money vs. soft money

1832 Tariff Conflict  > “Tariff of Abomination”  > new tariff  South Carolina’s reaction?  Jackson’s response?  Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff?

Jackson ’ s Use of Federal Power VETO 1830  Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

The National Bank Debate Nicholas Biddle President Jackson

Opposition to the 2 nd B.U.S. “Soft” (paper) $ “Hard” (specie) $ sssstate bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely. ssssupported rapid economic growth & speculation. ffffelt that coin was the only safe currency. ddddidn’t like any bank that issued bank notes. ssssuspicious of expansion & speculation.

The “ Monster ” Is Destroyed!  “pet banks”?  1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2 nd National Bank of the United States.  1836  the charter expired.  1841  the bank went bankrupt!

The Downfall of “ Mother Bank ”

An 1832 Cartoon: “ King Andrew ” ? An 1832 Cartoon: “ King Andrew ” ?

1832 Election Results Main Issue?

The Specie Circular (1836)  “wildcat banks.”  buy future federal land only with gold or silver.  Jackson’s goal?

Indian Removal Act / Texas Pioneers Pages Jackson’s Intentions “Trail of Tears” Impacts / Reactions Texas –Anglo migration –Issues with the Anglos The Texas Revolution

Indian Removal  Jackson’s Goal?  1830  Indian Removal Act  Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation”  Worcester v. GA (1832)  Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

The Cherokee Nation After 1820

Indian Removal

Trail of Tears ( )

Jackson ’ s Professed “ Love ” for Native Americans

Quotes “Indians are essentially inferior to the Anglo-Saxon race….and their disappearance from the human family will be no great loss to the world.” – Henry Clay “Our conduct toward these people is deeply interesting to our national character……..” – Andrew Jackson

Southwest and Mexico Mexican Independence – 1821 –End of the Mission system –Trouble with Native Americans –Empresario system Cheap land for American settlers –Tax exemptions –Issues with the Anglos Slavery Population Trade Language Immigration – sealed borders

Texas Independence Remember the Alamo! –187 Texans dead vs Mexicans –What about Goliad? Stephen Austin / Sam Houston 1836 – Republic of Texas 1845 – annexed by United States –Issues Slavery Mexico

Texas Declaration of Independence

Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836 Sam Houston ( ) Steven Austin ( )

The Republic of Texas

Remember the Alamo!

Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

The Battle of the Alamo General Antonio L  pez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

Martin Van Buren / Return of the Two Party System Pages Whig Party –Issues / Actions MVB –Problems Election of 1840 Rebirth of the Two Party System –Comparisons

The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

Results of the Specie Circular $Banknotes lose their value. $Land sales plummeted. $Credit not available. $Businesses began to fail. $Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837! The Panic of 1837!

The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

Andrew Jackson in Retirement

Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 (one year before his death)

ELECTION OF 1840

DEMS  Martin Van Buren

Van Buren Taking the Blame for His Own and Jackson's Monetary Policies

DEMS  Richard Mentor Johnson, VP

WHIGS  William Henry Harrison

WHIGS  John Tyler, VP

“Tippecanoe, and Tyler, Too!”

“Log Cabin” Campaign Pin, 1840