List of intelligence gathering disciplines HUMINT (Human Intelligence) *Espionage/Spying GEOINT (IMINT) geospatial intelligence / imagery intelligence MASINT (measurement and signature intelligence) OSINT (open source intelligence) SIGINT (signals intelligence) TECHINT (technical intelligence) FININT (financial intelligence)

HUMINT Human Intelligence - gathered from a person on the ground. Patrolling (Military police, patrols, etc) strategic reconnaissance, as by Special Forces military attaches Friendly accredited diplomats Prisoners of war (POW's) or detainees Refugees Traveler debriefing(e.g., CIA Domestic Contact Service) Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

GEOINT (IMINT) GEOspatial INTelligence, [IMINT = Imagery Intelligence] is an intelligence discipline comprising the exploitation and analysis of satellite information to describe, assess, and visually depict physical features and geographically referenced activities on the Earth. GEOINT sources include imagery and mapping data, whether collected by commercial satellite, government satellite or by other means, such as UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) or reconnaissance aircraft

MASINT [1] Measurement and Signature Intelligence (1982) is scientific and technical intelligence information obtained by quantitative and qualitative analysis of data (metric, angle, spatial, wavelength, time dependence, modulation, plasma, and hydromagnetic) Comes from specific technical sensors for the purpose of: identifying any distinctive features associated with the source, emitter, or sender and to facilitate subsequent identification and/or measurement of the same

MASINT [2] MASINT includes: Radar Intelligence (RADINT) Acoustic Intelligence (ACOUSTINT) Nuclear Intelligence (NUCINT) Radio Frequency/Electromagnetic Pulse Intelligence (RF/EMPINT) Electro-optical Intelligence (ELECTRO-OPTINT) Laser Intelligence (LASINT) Materials Intelligence Unintentional Radiation Intelligence (RINT) Chemical and Biological Intelligence (CBINT) Directed Energy Weapons Intelligence (DEWINT) Effluent/Debris Collection Spectroscopic Intelligence Infrared Intelligence (IRINT)

OSINT Open Source Intelligence is an information processing discipline that involves finding, selecting, and acquiring information from publicly available sources and analyzing it to produce actionable intelligence. Media Public data Observation and reporting Professional and academic - conferences, symposia, professional associations, academic papers, and subject matter experts Most information has geospatial dimensions, but many often overlook the geospatial side of OSINT: not all open source data is unstructured text

SIGINT SIGnals INTelligence, which is a intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether between people (i.e., COMINT or communications intelligence) or machines (i.e., ELINT or electronic intelligence) As sensitive information is often encrypted, SIGINT often involves the use of cryptanalysis However, traffic analysis—the study of who is signaling whom and in what quantity—can often produce valuable information, even when the messages themselves cannot be decrypted.

TECHINT Intelligence about weapons and equipment used by the armed forces of foreign nations (often referred to as foreign materiel). Intelligence derived from the collection, processing, analysis, and exploitation of data and information pertaining to foreign equipment and materiel for the purposes of preventing technological surprise, assessing foreign scientific and technical capabilities, and developing countermeasures designed to neutralize an adversary’s technological advantages."

FININT Financial intelligence (FININT) is the gathering of information about the financial affairs of entities of interest, to understand their nature and capabilities, and predict their intentions. Examples of financial intelligence analysis could include: Identifying high-risk housing tenants on the basis of past rental histories. Discovering safe havens where criminals park the proceeds of crime. Accounting for how a large sum of money handed to a targeted individual disappears Checking to see if a corrupt individual has had any sudden and unexplained windfalls. Detecting relationships between terrorist cells through remittances.