Linguistic Issues in Canada Presented by - Um, Jung Ah Lee, Ah Young Lee, Jung Eun Jeon, Chang Hee

Contents Official Language Act in Canada Immigration Education

Language Policy in Canada In Section 133 of the British North America Act permitted the use of either English or French In Parliament adopted the first Official Languages Act

In The New Brunswick government introduces a bill to update and modernize their Official Languages Act. In The Federal Government announces its Action Plan for Official Languages (2003/ /08)

Three Pillars of Action Plan Education Investing $381.5 million to tackle both minority-language education Community development Investing $269.3 million to help minority communities have broader access to public services and government programs in their own language, Federal Public service Invest $64.6 million to improve the delivery of services in both official languages, promote equitable participation of English- and French-speaking Canadians in the federal government, and the use of both languages in the workplace. Source: Canada’s Linguistic Duality Date: (April 02, 2003)

Linguistic Duality An asset to Canada? Government Sponsoring involved! Why? -Language Duality is at the heart of Canada’s collective identity -Knowledge of both official languages is a matter of cultural and economic enrichment

Quebec Approximately 25% of elementary and secondary school students in Quebec receive their instruction in English. 2 of the 12 daily newspapers in Quebec are published in English. There are 15 English radio stations in Quebec (vs. 11 in 1970). 35% of all movies shown in theaters are in English

Immigration

Immigration Points 2 Eligible if you get more than 67 points

Immigration points system 2

Approved language tests English IELTS (General Training options) CELPIP: Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program CELPIP: Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program French TEF: Test d’évaluation de français

Providing written evidence a written submission explaining your training in English or French an explanation of how you commonly use English or French official documentation of education in English or French official documentation of work experience in English or French

To become a Canadian citizen You must : be 18 years of age or older; be a permanent resident of Canada; have lived in Canada for at least three of the four years before applying; be able to communicate in either English or French; know about Canada; and know about the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.

LINC program Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada Language classes paid by the federal government of Canada About 90 LINC centers available

LINC program Eligible if you are A permanent resident of Canada Convention refugee a person in Canada whose application for Permanent Resident status is being processed Every adult is able to apply

ELT Enhanced Language Training program Providing higher level of English needed to find a decent jobs Total assistance to immigrants to be remained in labor market; work placements, mentoring, cultural orientation to the workplace, preparation for licensure exams and internships

Francophone Immigration Increasing the number of French speakers to strengthen French speaking communities To sustain tradition of bilingualism By 2008, 4.4% of French-speaking immigrants outside Quebec

Education 1. Bilingualism 2. Global English

The Politics of Bilingualism After the military defeat of the French at the battle of Quebec in 1812, politically linked together, largely for pragmatic reasons, and the relationship between the nation’s cultural peripheries and centre continue to change the Result of a conscious effort to Embrace Diverse Cultural Interests in a Single Political Entity

Canada-wide a confederation of Five Provinces and Three Territories- Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Quebec and Saskatchewan the Provinces and Territories are responsible for elementary, secondary and postsecondary education Each Reflects the Diversity of its own regional history, culture, and geography

Kindergarten to Grade 12 (Ages 6-18) Education System; Public Ed Elementary Secondary Ed(G7-12) Post-Secondary; College & University Publicly Funded and Free to all Canadian citizens The powers and duties of these school authorities are defined in Provincial or Territorial statutes Curriculum programs at the secondary level include both academic and vocational programs

Private Schools a large number of private or independent schools function independently of the public school system and charge fees A far larger portion of private schools are religious based institutions

Language of Instruction in Québec French is the first language of over 80 percent of the population of Quebec French is the language of instruction Although English is a minority language, it still has a strong influence. The Canadian Charter of Rights of Freedoms(1982) defines the right of English or French minorities to receive instruction in their language.

Subjects Taught in Elementary

The Canadian Education & Training Industry

The Canadian Education and Training Industry Valued $ 45.3 billion – 3.8% of GDP -> knowledge-based economy English Education in Canada & out of Canada

In Canada - Language Schools Average enrollment – 800 (per school per year) Target: international students, new Canadians and refugees, summer study programs International students from more than 200 countries

Language Training Market Significant market ? -> Korea $ 4.6 billion Canadian English teachers Canadian language firms

Joint ventures between regional education boards in Canada and private institutes and public schools in Korea English teacher-placement agencies based in Korea and managed by Canadians or based in Canada with an office represented in Korea by Korean nationals Education companies managed by Canadians with offices in Korea for the purpose of student exchange, short-term youth camps and similar activities Canadian-owned sole proprietorships operated by Canadians living in Korea.

Language Training Market - in China Not a big income yet ( $ 2.8 billion) After, Beijing Olympic in 2008 ( translating, interpret and etc.) -> $ 4.3 billion are expected in 2010

Expectations More international students More/better English language schools More teacher trainings = > Growth of the English Education Industry continues

References canada heritage D=128ttp:// D=

Thank you!