Microscopy and Measurement

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1.4 Microscopy and Measurement

Presentation transcript:

Microscopy and Measurement Section 1.4

Microscopes Instruments that produce an enlarged image of an object First used in the 1600’s

Magnification: the increase in an object’s apparent size Resolution: the power to show details clearly

Light Microscopes Compound light microscope (LM): produces images by focusing light rays through a specimen mounted on a glass slide Specimen must either be very small or be sliced thin enough to be transparent

Onion Cells

Parts of a Compound Light Microscope

Stage: the place where the slide rests Stage clips: hold the slide in place Objective lens: enlarges the image Ocular lens: projects image through eyepiece

Power of Magnification Refers to how much a specimen is magnified Example: 40X means the image is enlarged 40 times the actual size of the specimen

Electron Microscope A beam of electrons produces an enlarged image of the specimen Much more powerful than light microscopes

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 3-D images Specimen is sprayed with a fine metal coating then a beam of electrons is passed over the surface The electrons are projected onto a photographic plate producing an image

SEM Images

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Transmits a beam of electrons through a very thinly sliced specimen Magnetic lenses enlarge the image and focus it on a photographic plate Can magnify objects up to 200,000X

TEM Images

Measurement SI: international System of Measurements SI units are universally understood and accepted by scientists Seven base units

Some SI Prefixes Prefix abbreviation factor of base unit giga G 1,000,000,000 mega M 1,000,000 kilo k 1,000 hecto h 100 deka da 10

Prefix abbreviation factor of base unit deci d 0.1 centi c 0.01 milli m 0.001 micro Л 0.000001 nano n 0.000000001 pico p 0.000000000001

Derived Units Produced by the mathematical relationship between two base units Examples: area, volume, mass density, specific volume, Celsius temperature

Density Density = mass/volume D = m/v

Study for Test! Make sure to: Read the chapter Make flashcards of the vocab Learn the vocab terms and definitions Take good notes Do section and chapter review questions Spend at least 15 minutes a night studying