THE 2004 LIVING CONDITIONS MONITORING SURVEY : ZAMBIA EXTENT TO WHICH GENDER WAS INCORPORATED presented at the Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Accra Ghana, January 2009

Presentation Lay Out Introduction Objectives of the survey Sample design methodology Gender integration strategy Findings

Objectives of the survey Monitor the impact of Government policies, programmes and donor support on the well being of the Zambian population Monitor poverty and its distribution in Zambia Provide various users with a set of reliable indicators against which to monitor development Provide province specific poverty profiles using different poverty lines Identify vulnerable groups in society and enhance targeting in policy formulation and implementation Provide data required for estimating Gross Domestic Products (GDP) household final consumption Provide data required for developing new national and province specific weights for the Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Introduction The LCMS arose out of the need to monitor the living conditions of the people after government started implementing the Structural Adjustment Programme meant to reform the economy in the 1990s The SAP policies adversely affected the people- rising poverty trends and deteriorating socio-economic conditions Four LCMS have conducted since 1996, to monitor the impact of various government and donor policies and programmes: 1996, 1998, 2002/3, 2004

Sample Design Methodology Sample, 1048 SEAs and 20,000 households Nationwide Covered both rural and urban areas Data collected by way of personal interviews using structured questionnaire

Gender Integration A distinction was made between male headed households and female headed households Questionnaire designed to capture information for males and females

Some summary results Demographic Characteristics of the population Estimate population 10.9 million Concentrated in rural areas at 61 percent ; 39 percent in urban areas No significant difference in the proportion of males and females, almost equal proportions 22 percent female –headed households

Some Summary results cont Education School attendance rates among children of primary school age marginally higher for female children (80 percent) than for male children at (78 percent) School attendance among students of secondary school age was higher for males ( 84 percent) compared to ( 79 percent ) for females School attendance for post secondary, 36 percent for males and 18 percent for females, suggesting a greater drop-out rate for females at secondary school level and higher

Some summary results cont Migration Out of a total population of 10,992,538, 4 percent involved in migration Of those involved, 3 percent males, 4 percent females More female migrants than males in the age group 20-24; 6 percent for females and 4 percent for males More male migrants than females in the age group 25-29; 6 percent for males and 5 percent for females

Some summary results cont Health 10 percent of the total population reported an illness two weeks preceding the survey Of these, 11 percent female and 10 percent male The most common reported illness was malaria 56 percent of the total population that reported an illness consulted a doctor. No difference in the proportion of males and females that consulted

Some summary results cont Economic Activity Out of a total population aged 12 years and above, 64 percent constitute the labour force, of which 67 were male and 60 percent were female 81 percent of employed persons were engaged in the informal sector Informal sector employment common among females (90 percent) than males (74 percent) Of all persons employed in informal sector, 82 percent were in the informal agriculture while 18 percent were in informal non-agriculture More females engaged in the informal agriculture (83 percent) than males at 80 percent

Some summary results cont Household Income Mean monthly income for a household in Zambia for persons aged five years and above was K502,030 ( about $100 current rate) Mean monthly income for male-headed household was ($107) Mean monthly income for female-headed household was 382,314 ($76)

Some summary results cont Poverty Analysis 68 percent of the population lived below the poverty line Of these 71 percent were female headed while 66 percent were male headed households

Gaps No sex disaggregated data in the report on some issues on which data was collected Lack of focused and in-depth sex disaggregated data on all issues on which data was collected

Conclusion Need to train statisticians at all levels in gender statistics Need to involve users at questionnaire design, analysis and report writing