Thinking Skill Thinking Skill: Demonstrate an understanding of concepts Content Goals Content Goals: An understanding of Oil, OPEC, and Oil producing countries. OIL Understanding the Resources of the Middle East

Energy: “useable power” Fossil Fuel: Fossil Fuel: Created by pockets of decaying animals and plants.

Non-renewable resource Once it is used, it cannot be replaced

Crude Oil A naturally occurring substance found trapped in certain rocks within the earth’s surface.

PRODUCTS MADE FROM CRUDE OIL Gasoline Fuel oil Asphalt Perfumes & insecticides. Plastics, rubber and detergents.

World Energy Usage What are some alternatives to Oil? World Resource Usage Oil: 39%Coal:27%Gas 21% Oil: 39%Coal:27%Gas 21% Water 7%Nuclear 6% Water 7%Nuclear 6% Solar Solar Wind Wind Ethanol Ethanol Why are these products not used as much? Why are these products not used as much?

United States Oil Production and Consumption 1 barrel of oil = 42 gallons of oil US consumes 19.6 million barrels per day (25% of world’s total) US consumes 6.6 billion barrels per year (last 3 1/2 years without importing oil) US produces 5.8 million barrels per day (2000) Four largest oil producing states are: TX, Alaska, CA and LA (Louisiana) US produces 12% of the world’s oil (2000) US imports 57% of the oil it consumes Main oil suppliers to the US: Canada, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and Mexico

Questions What 3 factors might contribute to a change in the world’s energy system? Availability of fossil fuels Pollution of environment Social and political changes What risk is there in depending on one region for oil? Issues like war, terrorism, uneven distribution, trade control, weather

Energy Production and Consumption Europe Africa Japan

OPEC and the Control of Oil OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Cartel: a group able to control production and set prices for its products

OPEC continued OPEC does not control the oil market. OPEC Member Countries produce about 41% of the world's crude oil and 15% of its natural gas. However, OPEC's oil exports represent about 55% of the oil traded internationally. Therefore, OPEC can have a strong influence on the oil market, especially if it decides to reduce or increase its level of production. OPEC seeks stability in the oil market and to deliver steady supplies of oil to consumers at fair and reasonable prices. How? voluntarily producing more or less oil

What are the main oil producing countries?

What have oil-rich nations spent their money on? What have oil rich nations not spent their money on?

Facts on Saudi Arabia and Egypt Agricultural A. Egypt is an Agricultural based country. 96% of is desert cotton, grains, and sugarcane. Unemployment is high (20%) Egypt’s GDP per capita is $3,041. OIL. B. Saudi Arabia has one main resource….OIL. 25% of all the oil in the world. $ increased from 2.7 billion in 1971 to $110 billion in It continues to relies on the West for technology. However, it has built modern cities, roads, ports.

Oil Conclusions Predict: What will the future hold? (10 years, 50 years) How can we stop our dependence on oil?

Oil Conclusions Define Crude Oil Recap major uses of oil Role of OPEC

Water A Vanishing Middle Eastern Resource

Read the short article about water issues along the Tigris and Euphrates. Read the short article about water issues along the Tigris and Euphrates. 1. What are some problems facing this area? 2. What are some solutions? 3. Who has rights to water?

“The difficult problem is to determine what is the greatest good, and whether the several goods are compatible or whether one will destroy others.” Wallace Stenger, The Myth of the Western Dam, 1965.

What does each image represent in regards to the World’s Water Supply?

Water Facts #1 Oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface Oceans contain 96.5 percent of the Earth’s water. Almost 70% of the world’s fresh water is frozen in glaciers, permanent snow cover, ice and permafrost 30% of all fresh water is underground, most of it is very deep in the earth in hard to reach areas The lakes and rivers of the world contain about.25% of all fresh water. At least 70% of the fresh water in the world is used for agriculture.

American Water Usage Average American Uses: 100 Gallons a day Average American Uses: 100 Gallons a day 2/3rds of people in the world use only 13 gallons a day 2/3rds of people in the world use only 13 gallons a day

How much water does it take? –Wash Hands: 1/4th gallon –Flush Toilet: 5 gal. –Shower: 30 gal. –Bath: 40 gal. –Brush Teeth: 1 gal. –Laundry: 30 gal. a load –Water a Lawn: 240 gallons in 30 minutes –What do you use on average each day?

Water Facts #2 Of the 6 billion people in the world, 2 billion face water shortages today. By 2025 that figure will increase to 5.5 billion. 1.2 billion people drink unclean water. 2.5 billion people lack sanitation. More than 5 million people die each year from water-related diseases such as cholera and dysentery.

Is there hope?

DRIP IRRIGATION

DESALINATION

Did you know? Food Production: Food Production: 60 gallons to make an egg 60 gallons to make an egg Steak takes 1,000 gallons Steak takes 1,000 gallons Glass of Milk takes 50 gallons Glass of Milk takes 50 gallons 115 gallons to make 1 loaf of bread 115 gallons to make 1 loaf of bread 100,000 gallons to make 1 car 100,000 gallons to make 1 car 1 pound of rubber=300 gallons 1 pound of rubber=300 gallons

World: Average Precipitation Map

Vegetation Map