1 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Canine Search Specialist Training Unit 10: The Canine Search Specialist and Search Operations

2 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Unit Objective At the completion of this session, you will be able to describe how the Canine Search Specialist operates within the Search Function and interacts with other disciplines during Task Force operations

3 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Enabling Objectives Identify disaster types Define level of searches Describe the types of searches Describe structure, search and victim markings Describe how the CSS can assist in TF search Ops

4 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Disaster Types Will determine the first steps in the site assessment/recon process

5 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Disaster Types, continued Flood

6 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Disaster Types, continued Explosion

7 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Disaster Types, continued Tornado

8 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Disaster Types, continued Hurricane

9 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Disaster Types, continued Earthquake

10 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Reconnaisance Immediate and continous Incident-driven and flexible Demands timely reporting of intel Structured and organized

11 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Purpose of Recon Determine scope and magnitude Identify hazards Identify search priorities Identify type and amount of resources needed Document initial findings

12 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Recon is not search! Recon Is the gathering of intelligence May be performed simultaneously as search, but is a different function

13 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Levels of Search Hasty Search Primary Search Secondary Search

14 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Hasty Search  The HASTY search typically involves a fast- paced visual inspection of the area accompanied by vocal or audio hailing. This may be an air effort with surface units called in as necessary, or vice versa.  Helps prioritize initial efforts  Fact: Victims may be missed in the effort to find as many as possible, but areas can be re-searched

15 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Primary Search Primary searches involve complete circumnavigation of buildings and other structures, looking in doors and windows while hailing for survivors and entering buildings where there is evidence of life and the risk to rescuers is acceptable. Use search markings

16 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Secondary Search Used to systematically search enclosed areas, such as each room in a particular building. Forced entry, debris removal or authorization for entry may be required. Searchers will need instructions on whether they should conduct rescues when they find survivors or provide information to enable others to perform the rescue

17 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Search Levels, continued Search operations are planned, conducted and documented based on needs assessments in coordination with the AHJ to accomplish mission-specific goals and requirements Structures/areas may require different levels of search within any assigned search segment.

18 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Search Techniques

19 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Search Techniques Physical Canine Technical

20 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Physical Search Must have an organized approach to victim locating

21 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Physical Search (continued) Most effective during daylight hours Most easily implemented Can be done with available resources Requires minimal training

22 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Physical Search (continued) Probably done prior to TF arrival Locates surface and readily accessible victims Hard to ensure high level of coverage Hard to manage large numbers of searchers—redundant searches likely

23 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Physical Search (continued) Should involve safety personnel Structural Specialist HAZMAT personnel Medical Documentation is imperative

24 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Physical Void Search

25 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Physical Void Search (continued) Used in initial phase and throughout the rescue operation, as necessary Must be organized and systematic to avoid duplication of effort or missing areas Begin operation in most likely areas of survivability

26 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Physical Void Search (continued) Talk to persons who may have knowledge of the building or of possible persons inside Care must be taken because of need to be within the damaged structure during this operation Remember safety is your number one concern Know the evacuation plan and signals

27 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Hailing System Can be quickly trained incorporating the help of locals, which also builds good will Personnel are spaced 25' to 50' apart around the site to be searched Must call for silence and halt work around the site (may be very difficult to do)

28 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Hailing System (continued) Each searcher calls out saying "If you can hear me call out for help or knock five times" (searcher may also knock five times on an object, usually metal, to elicit a response) An attempt to get a "fix" on a response is made Triangulation of the sound is the means to locate the source and victim

29 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Search Patterns Must be an organized approach Includes mapping and GPS Remember, documentation is important

30 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Basic Search Patterns Should use a right hand pattern maintaining contact with the wall at all times A need to exit can be done by reversing your direction maintaining a left-hand contact with the wall

31 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Line Search Line search is used for a large open area

32 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Canine Search

33 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Canine Search Certified canine team provides the best means to locate trapped victims, while covering large area in a short amount of time They are able to access areas that are either too small or too unstable for us to enter

34 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Canine Search (continued) A safety observer is needed Handler must constantly be aware of the condition of their partner (hydration, any injuries, and fatigue) Advise STM as to what to look for when your dog is working and of basic commands for the canine

35 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Technical Search Three types of electronic search equipment Search Cam Fiber Optic Acoustic

36 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Search Cam Monitor attached to a probe with both visual and sound transmission and receiving capabilities

38 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Search Cam (continued) Can give a positive verification to an alert by canine team Assist with victim position and entrapment in rubble Limited to a straight line of entry into rubble with a 90-degree movement at the end of probe

40 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Fiber Optic A flexible tube of glass rods used to transmit an image back up to a lens End of flex tube has the ability to be moved at a 90° angle No sound transmission abilities Difficult to guide tube into desired location Many TFs use rigid borescopes

41 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Acoustic Delsar ® Compact Life Detector

42 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Acoustic, continued Used in much the same way as the hailing system Best as a detection device Can triangulate the location of a victim who is making a noise to attract attention Can be used for detection, by using two sensors (rotate one around the other to “point” at the victim’s sound) This can be very slow process

43 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Acoustic, (continued) May have the site shut down some operations to be able to listen for the victim Newer systems can filter out machine sounds Continued training is necessary to competently operate system

44 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Search tools are most effective when combined Always good to confirm detections with a different search tool

45 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Detection Vs. Location Detection tools are used to identify an area of possible victim(s) Example—canine, delsar Location tools are used to identify the actual presence and place of victim(s) Example—search cam, physical search

46 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Structure, Search and Victim Markings

47 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Structure and Hazards Evaluation Will be conducted by your Structural and Hazardous Materials Specialists As first action of Recon team Structure ID may be done at this time If not already done by AHJ or Structure Triage Team

48 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Structural Markings (2 ft orange square at all entries) No significant hazards OK but some hazards * High Risk Hazards Do Not Enter until mitigation has occurred BE EASYBE CAREFULNO GO * Canine may search perimeter

49 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training 14OCT HRS HM - NATURAL GAS OR-1 Arrow indicates safest way to enter Structural Markings

50 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Maintaining Markings As new searches are made or conditions change new information will be written below original information or a new box will be made Marking boxes may also be applied to interior rooms or areas denoting conditions in separate parts of the building Not often done with Structure/Hazard Mark More common with Search Mark

51 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Search Markings A separate and distinct marking system is necessary to denote information concerning victims and hazardous locations within the searched area It is also important for accountability of search members

52 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Search Markings (continued) When you ENTER Single slash Structure or room Search Team Identifier Date of Entry Time of Entry CA

53 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training When you exit - incomplete search CA Hazards Total victims still inside the structure Date and Time Search Team left the structure RATS 2-L 3-D Search Markings (continued)

54 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Search Markings (continued) When you EXIT – completed search CA RATS Hazards 2-L 3-D Total Victims still Inside the structure Date and Time Search Team left the Structure F Floors Searched/ or Quadrants Floors = F Quadrants = Q

55 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Victim Markings

56 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training POTENTIAL VICTIM CONFIRMED LIVE VICTIM CONFIRMED DEAD VICTIM REMOVED VICTIM

57 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Importance of standardized markings Internal and external consistency Interoperability Labels vs paint

58 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Lessons learned from Katrina

59 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training

60 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training

61 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training

62 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Possible additional duties of the CSS Set-up, tear-down BoO Logs assistance Plans assistance Documentation Physical Search Pet rescue

63 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Possible additional duties of the CSS May be requested as a part of an SRT A Special Response Team is a team sent to a specific location for a specific task where there are likely victims, i.e., hospitals, prisons, shelters

64 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Additional duties of the CSS, continued Any other specialty CSS may be cross- trained in Gopher—there’s always something to do Remember—we are search first, canine second

65 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Unit Summary and Evaluation

66 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Unit Summary Identify disaster types Define level of searches Describe the types of searches Describe structure, search and victim markings Describe how the CSS can assist in TF search Ops

67 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Unit Evaluation Please fill out the evaluation on this unit