1. www.thw.de Technical Search Technical Search SEEBA 28.02.2012

2. www.thw.de Introduction Bertram Bähr -1977 THW (Expert Advisor) -1986 Urban Search and Rescue Team (Management, LO, Chief of Search and Rescue) -IT-Expert

3. www.thw.de Contents - 5 Stages of Rescue - Principles of Technical Search - Search Equipment - Acustic Device - Visual Device

4. www.thw.de Position Technical Search USAR-Team (Medium) Teamleader (TL) Chief of Staff (CoS)Chief of Operations (CoO) STAFF LO / Pers. Admin Pers. Information Admin Info. LO / Operations Media ICT Logistics Log. Officer Camp Manager Log Technician Medical Senior Medical Medical SSO / Hazmat Paramedic Maintenance SL Search Search Techn. Dog Handler SL Rescue Rescue Techn. SL Rescue Rescue Techn. Chief Search and Rescue

5. Five Stages of Rescue Stage oneReconnaissance and survey Gathering Information. Remove all surface casualties as quickly and safely as possible Stage twoPrimary surface search and rescue Prioritise the rescue sites, based on the inital search results Stage threeExploration of Voids and Spaces all voids and non-accesable spaces idendified in the previous stages must be search and explored for live victims Stage fourAccess by Selected Debris Removal enter and work in confined spaces Stage fiveTerminate by General Debris Removal General debris remove is usually conducted after all known victims have been removed

6. www.thw.de Search Technics - Physical Search - Technical Search - Canine Search

7. Physical Search Methods  Line and Hail  The searcher form a line approimately 2,5 meters  The search leader will usually be in the center of the line  The search leader calls for silence (one long blast)  The search leader then calls, „Search and Rescue. Can anybody hear me“ www.thw.de

8. Physical Search Methods www.thw.de Hailing and Hearing How to proceed: –To disperse the group around the damage side –shout: „Search and rescue, can anybody hear me“ –Wait and hear for answer

9. Physical searching www.thw.de Hailing and Hearing „Search and Rescue, can anybody hear me“ –Is there no answer, try to call „Search and Rescue, answer with knocking“

10. Acustical Search Methods www.thw.de The main tool for the location of a victim is an acoustic device that is able to detect acustic noises The output of the system is either sound or an optical display

11. Acustical Search Methods www.thw.de The location of the victims is always close to the loudest feedback at one of the several sensors.

12. Acustic analysis www.thw.de Sound propagation –Air (e.g. Shouting) –e.g. sediment load (concrete) Acustical survey –via Microphone – airborne sound –via Geophone – impact sond –Transformation into electrical signals and amplification

13. Acustical Search Methods www.thw.de Analysis –Acoustic - headphone –Optical - display REQUIREMENT The victim must be able to attract attention to oneself

14. Acustical Search Methods www.thw.de Approach -Disperse the geophones on the debris -BE QUITE! -Try to get in contact / get a feedback/ a reaction of/ with thevictim (e.g. knock on the concrete) -Permanet control of the headphones – all together -Afterwords, checking every single geophone -Maybe, if ist necessary, relocate the system to monitor a different part of the debris -If the situation and the acoustical feedback is vague, repeat the tech search by using the low frequency sensor -If possible, try to get in contact via microphone ALWAYS Give a feedback of the results (positive or negativ) to your command

15. Acustical Search Methods www.thw.de Direct search via microphone -Figure out a good possibility to place the microphone (e.g. big void, etc.) -Try to get in contact -Try to ask victim regarding other victims, position, etc. -Diameter of the microphone: 32mm

16. Display the sensors www.thw.de a. circular

17. Display the sensors www.thw.de b. semi circle

18. Display the sensors www.thw.de c. crosswise

19. Display the sensors www.thw.de d. parallel

20. General Area Marking www.thw.de

21. General Area Marking  Adress or physical location  Mapping coordinates or GPS  Landmark or code name, (e.g. Sugar factory building)  Time (local time orUTC + x Hours)  Name, Function, Team

22. Structure identification exterior identification  Street Adress Side shall be defined as 1  Other sides of the structure shall be assigned numerically in a clockwise manner from 1

23. www.thw.de Structure idendification interior identification  Multi-storey structures must have each floor clearly identified  The grade floor would be designed the Ground Floor, 1. OG = Floor 1 usw.  First floor below grade level would be Basement

24. Cordon Markings Cordon markings are used to identify operational work zones as well as hazardous areas in order to restrict access and warn of danger operational working zone hazard zone

25. Structural Marking inside the box:  Go = Go if deemed safe to enter  noGo = No Go if it is deemed unsafe to enter  Team Idendification  Date and time of start  Date and time of finish Outside the box:  Hazard Information (top)  Missing persons (bottom)  Live victim rescued (left)  Dead victim extricated (right) Additinional Information:  Completed work, circle around  Confirmed no victims, horizontal line www.thw.de

26. Signals 1.Effective emergency signalling is essential for safe operation at a disaster side. 2.All USAR team member should be briefed regarding emergency signals. 3.Emergency signals should be universal for all USAR Teams 4.Signal must be clear and concise 5.Team memebers are required to immediately to all emergency signals. 6.Air horns or other appropriate hailing devices should be used to sound the appropriate signals as follows: Evacuate = 3 short signals, 1 second each – repeatedly until side is cleared Cease Operation Quiet = 1 long signal, 3 seconds long Resume Operations = 1 long signal + 1 short signal